(a) Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985)
(i) The basic objective of this plan was poverty eradication and technological self reliance. Garibi Hatao was the motto.
(ii) It was based on investment yojana.
(iii) Its growth target was 5.2% but it achieved 5.7%.
(b) Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990)
(i) Objectives of the plan included the establishment of the self sufficient economy and opportunities for productive employment.
(ii) For the first time, due to the pressure from private sector the private sector got the priority over public sector.
(iii) Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.0%.
(c) Annual Plans
(i) Eighth five year Plan could not take place due to volatile political situation at the centre.
(ii) So two annual programmes are formed in 1990-91 & 1991-92.
(d) Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997)
(i) In this plan the top priority was given to development of the human resources i.e. employment, education and public health.
(ii) During this plan, New Economic Policy of India was introduced.
(iii) This plan was successful and got annual growth rate of 6.8% against the target of 5.6%.
(e) Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002)
(i) The main focus of this plan was "growth with justice and equity".
(ii) This plan failed to achieve the growth target of 7% and Indian economy grew only at the rate of 5.6%.
(f) Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)
(i) This plan aimed to double the per capita income of India in the next 10 years.
(ii) It aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.
(iii) Its growth target was 8.0% but it achieved only 7.2%.
(g) Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012)
(i) Its main theme was "faster and more inclusive growth".
(ii) Its growth rate target was 8.1% but it achieved only 7.9%
(h) Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
(i) Its main theme is "Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth".
(ii) Its growth rate target is 8%.

(i) Short term goal 8.29% growth rate.
(ii) The theme was faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth. For this purpose it seeks to achieve 4% growth in agriculture 10% in manufacturing sector.
(iii) The total budget was 47.7 lakh crore which is 135% more than that of the 11th plan.
Broad Objectives
(i) To reduce poverty.
(ii) To improve living conditions for SCs, STs, OBCs, Minorities.
(iii) To improve regional equality.
(iv) To generate attractive employment.
(v) To eliminate gender gaps.
Growth indicators
(i) It aims at average GDP growth rate of 8%.
(ii) It aims at generating 50 millions work opportunities in non farm sector.
(iii) Reducing IMR to 25, MMR to 100 and Total fertility rate to 2% Achieving universal road connectivity and power for all villages.
(iv) Provision of banking services for 90% households.
(v) Major welfare benefits and subsidies via Aadhaar card.
(iv) Secondary education for all by 2017.
(vi) Increase public spending to 2.5% of GDP
(vii) Getting 5 Indian universities in the list of top 200 universities in the world.
(viii) Eliminate gender and social gap in school enrollment.
(ix) Increasing green cover by 1 million hectare every year

Introduction:
(i) The main objective of economic planning was social welfare. Before Independence commercial banks were in the private sector.
(ii) These commercial banks failed in helping the government to achieve the objectives.
(iii) So the government nationalised 14 major commercial banks in 1969 and 6 more in 1980.
Objectives:
(i) The main objective was to attain social welfare.
(ii) Agriculture, small & village industries were in need of funds for their expansion.
(iii) Nationalisation of banks helped to curb private monopolies in order to ensure a smooth supply of credit to socially desirable sections.
(iv) In India 70% population live in villages.
(v) It was needed to encourage the banking habit among the rural population.
(vi) It was required to reduce the regional imbalances where the banking facilities were not available.
(vii) Before Independence the number of banks were less.
(viii) After nationalization, new bank branches were opened in rural and urban areas.
(ix) Banks created credit facilities to the agriculture sector and its allied activities.

Introduction :
(i) Small scale industries play an important role for the development of Indian economy.
(ii) 60 - 70% of total innovations in India comes from SSIs.
Provides employment:
(i) SSIs use labour intensive techniques.
(ii) They provide employment to artisans, technically qualified persons and professionals, people engaged in traditional arts, people in villages and unorganized sector.
(iii) The employment-capital ratio is high.
Brings balanced regional development:
(i) SSIs are set up in backward and rural areas.
(ii) This promotes decentralised development of industries.
(iii) They reduce congestion, slums, sanitation and pollution in cities since they are found outside city limits.
(iv) They improve the standard of living of people in suburban and rural areas
(v) The entrepreneurial talent is tapped from different regions.
Helps in mobilization of local resources:
(i) SSIs mobilize and use local resources like small savings, entrepreneurial talent etc of the entrepreneurs which might have remained idle.
(ii) It promotes traditional family skills and handicrafts.
Paves for optimisation of capital:
(i) SSIs needs less capital. They give quick profit due to shorter gestation period.
(ii) SSIs functions as a stabilizing force by providing high output-capital ratio and high employment capital ratio.
(iii) They encourage people living in rural areas to save and channelize them into industrial activities.
Promotes export:
(i) Since they do not need sophisticated machinery, import of machinery from abroad is not needed.
(ii) There is great demand for goods produced by SSIs.
(iii) They reduce the pressure on balance of payment as they earn foreign exchange
Complements large scale industries:
(i) They provide components, parts, accessories to large scale industries.
(ii) They serve as ancillaries to large scale units.
Meets consumer demand:
(i) SSIs produce a wide range of consumer products.
(ii) They serve as an anti-inflationary force by providing goods of daily use.
Develops entrepreneurship:
(i) SSIs help to develop entrepreneurs.
(ii) They help the job seekers to become job givers.
(iii) They promote self-employment and a spirit of self-reliance.
(iv) It increases the per capita income of India.
(v) There is development of backward areas and weaker sections.
(vi) It helps in equitable distribution of income.

Introduction:
(i) In 1601 the East India Company entered India.
(ii) In 1614 Sir Thomas Roe set up factories in India with permission from Jahangir.
(iii) Hundred years after Battle of Plassey, the rule of the East India Company came to an end in 1858.
(iv) Britain exploited India for two centuries.
Period of Merchant Capital:
(i) This period was from 1757 to 1813.
(ii) The only aim of the East India Company was profit. India's riches was used to develop industrial capitalism of Britain.
(iii) The officers of the company were unscrupulous and corrupt.
Period of Industrial Capital:
(i) This period was from 1813 to 1858. India became a market for British textiles.
(ii) Raw materials were exported to England at low price.
(iii) India's traditional handicrafts started declining.
Period of Finance Capital:
(i) This period was from the end of the 19th Century till Independence.
(ii) Britain invested in rail road, postal system and limited field of education in India by plundering Indian Capital.
(iii) Indian tax payers were compelled to finance for the construction of railways.
Decline of Indian handicrafts:
(i) Through discriminatory tariff policy the British Government purposefully destroyed the handicrafts.
(ii) With the disappearance of nawabs and kings, there was no one to protect the handicrafts.
(iii) Indian handicrafts could not compete with the machine made products.
(iv) The introduction of railways increased the domestic market for the British goods.
Conclusion:
(i) Before the advent of the British, India was self sufficient.
(ii) Under the British rule only industries were allowed to develop.
(iii) This brought down the economic condition of the Indians.