1. The devotional movement manifested itself as a great social transformation.
2. The apogee of its movement was the coming up of temples that became prominent in the Tamil landscape.
3. Temples, in later Chola times, became great social institutions.
4. Politically, the Bhakti movement prompted the rulers to establish the settlements for the invited Brahmin groups from the north of the Indian sub-continent.
5. Royal members, local administrative bodies and individuals initiated the calendrical celebrations and festivals to be conducted in the temples for which they started making endowments to meet their expenditure.
6. It directly speeded up the emergence of state in Tamil country and indirectly integrated the different social groups into the religious fold through the instrumentality of temple institutions.
7. Over the centuries the Bhakti movement spread all over India, and resulted in a transformation of Hinduism.

1. Traders founded guilds and called themselves as sudesi, nanadesi, ainurruvar and others.
2. Their main guild functioned at Aihole. Foreign merchants were known as Nanadesi.
3. It had a separate flag with the figure of bull at the centre, and they enjoyed the right of issuing vira-sasanas.
4. The jurisdiction of this guild stretched over entire south-east Asia.
5. The chief of this guild is registered in the inscriptions as pattanswamy, pattnakilar, and dandanayaka. Its members were known as ayyavole-parameswariyar.

1. Land grants recorded mainly on copperplates provide detailed information on land revenues and taxation.
2. Revenue came almost exclusively from rural sources, mercantile and urban institutions being largel unplanned.
3. Two categories of taxes were levied on the village.
4. The land revenue paid by the cultivator to the state varied from 1/6th to 1/10th of the produce, and was collected by the village and paid to the state collector.
5. In the second category were local taxes, also collected in the village but utilized for services in the village itself.
6. The tax money was spent for repairing irrigation works, illuminating the temple, etc.
7. When the state land tax was inadequate, the revenue was supplemented by additional taxes on draught cattle, toddy-drawers, marriage- parties, potters, goldsmiths, washer men, textile-manufacturers, weavers, brokers, letter-carriers, and the makers of ghee.

The grandson of Narasimhavarman, (who arose) from the kings of this race, just as the moon and the sun from the eastern mountain;
1. who was the crest-jewel on the head of those princes,
2. who had never bowed their heads (before);
3. who proved a lion to the elephant-herd of hostile kings;
4. who appeared to be blessed Narasirnha himself,
5. who had come down (to earth) in the shape of a prince;
6. who repeatedly defeated the Cholas, Keralas, Kalabhras, and Pandyas;
7. who, like Sahasrabahu (i.e., the thousand-armed Kartavirya), enjoyed the action for a thousand arms in hundreds of fights; who wrote the (three) syllables of (the word) vijaya (i.e., victory), as on a plate, on Pulikesin's back, which was caused to be visible (i.e., whom he caused to turn his back) in the battles of Pariyala, Manimangala, Suramara, etc., and who destroyed (the city of) Vatapi, just as the pitcher-born (Agastya) (the demon) Vatapi.

1. The Bhakti movement which originated in South India found its greatest expression in the songs composed by the Azhwars and Nayanrnars.
2. The poems of the VaishnaviteAzhwars were later compiled as the Nalayira Divya Prabhandam.
3. The Saiva literature was canonized as the Panniru Tirumurai.
4. The Thevaram, composed by Appar (Thirunavukkarasar), Sambandar (Thirugnanasambandar) and Sundarar; and Thiruvavasagarn by Manickavasagar are prominent texts which are read as sacred literature to this day.
5. Periyapuranam written by Sekizhar, in a later period also provides much historical information.
6. The Mathavilasa Prahasanam written by Mahendravarman I in Sanskrit, is an important source for the Pallava period.