Outcome of the Third Anglo- Maratha War
The British abolished the Peshwai (office of the Peshwa) and annexed all the
Peshwa's dominions. But the jagirs of the fief holders were restored.
Until his death in 1851 Baji Rao II remained a prisoner with an annual pension.
Pratap Singh, a descendent of Shivaji, was made the king of a small kingdom carved around Satara.
The Maratha Confederacy organised by Baji Rao I comprising Bhonsle, Holkar and Scindia was dissolved.
Mountstuart Elphinstone, who had been Resident at Poona, became Governor of Bombay.

The First Anglo Maratha War (1775-1782)
Madhav Rao Narayan was an infant Peshwa under the regency of Nana Fadnavis.
The usurping of power by Ragunath Rao, uncle of the former Peshwa Madhava Rao I, provided the scope for the Company administration to fish in the troubled waters.
The Company administration in Bombay supported Ragunath Rao in return for getting Salsette and Bassein.

The third battle of Panipat, 1761 is one of the decisive battles in the history of India.
The defeat in the battle dealt a severe blow to the Marathas and the Mughal Empire and thereby paved the way for the rise of the British power in India

Shivaji organized a standing army. Quarters were provided to the soldiers.
The soldiers were given regular salaries.
The army consisted of four divisions: infantry, cavalry, an elephant corps and artillery.

(a) Physical features and Nature of the People
The region of the Marathas consisted of a narrow strip of land called Konkan. Its precipitous mountains, inaccessible valleys and impregnable hill-forts were most favourable for military defence.
(b) Bhakti Movement and its Impact
The spread of the Bhakti movement inculcated the spirit of oneness among the Marathas. Tukaram, Ramdas, and Eknath were the leading lights of the movement.
(c) External causes
The degeneration of Bijapur and Golkonda prompted the Marathas to unite and fight together.
The Deccan wars against the Sultans of Bijapur, Golkonda and Ahmednagar had exhausted the Mughal treasury