The rest of the empire was divided into four provinces based at Suvarnagiri (near Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh), Ujjain (Avanti, Malwa), Taxila in the north- west, and Tosali in Odisha in the south-east .

The major areas of concern for the Mauryan state were the collection of taxes as revenue to the state and the administration of justice, in addition to the maintenance of internal security and defence against external aggression

The second inscription mentions lands beyond his borders: "the Chodas (Cholas), the Pandyas, the Satiyaputa, the Keralaputa (Chera), even Tamraparni, the Yonaking Antiyoka (Antiochus), and the kings who are the neighbours of this Antioka".

The first three Mauryan emperors, Chandragupta, Bindusara and Ashoka, were the best known.

1. It marked the beginning of the interaction between India and the West, which spanned many centuries to follow.
2. Greek governors and kings ruled in the north-western region of India, which introduced new styles of art and governance.

1. The play Mudrarakshasa by Visakhadatta.
2. Arthasastra was a prescriptive text, which laid down the guidelines for good administration.

1. A centralised state required a new administrative framework to govern an extensive territory, the creation of a bureaucracy, resources of money and men for managing the administrationand the army.
2. A system of revenue administration had to be developed to raise the funds needed for the state through taxation.
3. A political formation led to the development of cities as administrative centres, distinct from villages and rural areas.
4. A large standing army was required for expanding and retaining the empire.

The most famous of Alexander's encounters was with Porus, ruler of the region between Jhelum and Beas. The two armies met in the battle of Hydaspes in which Porus was imprisoned. Later, impressed by the Porus's dignity, Alexander restored his throne on the condition of accepting his suzerainty.

1. The first Nanda ruler was Mahapadma.
2. It is believed that he usurped the throne by murdering the last of the Shishunaga kings.
3. Nandas exterminated many kshatriya clans and subjugated kshatriya-ruled kingdoms.
4. Nanda was succeeded by his eight sons, and they were together known as the navanandas or the nine Nandas.

Bimbisara extended the territory of Magadhan Empire by matrimonial alliances and conquests.