The abuse of anabolic steroids can cause serious health problems like high BP, heart diseases, liver damage, cancer, stroke and blood clots. Other side effects of steroid use includes nausea, vomiting, ligament and tendon injuries, headache, joint pain, muscle cramps, diarrhoea; sleep problem etc.

Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata and Zona reticularis

It is a bilobed structure located just above the heart and aorta behind the sternum

The effect of steroid hormones such as aldosterone, oestrogen, FSH are long lived, as they alter the amount of mRNA and protein in a cell

The effect of peptide hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatotropin are usually short lived because they work through second messenger system

Generalized convulsion, locking of jaws increased heart beat rate, increased body temperature, muscular spasm are the major symptoms of tetany.

Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and from noncarbohydrate molecules is called gluconeogenesis. This is promoted by the hormone glucagon.

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium: and water and eliminates potassium and phosphate ions through excretion, thus it helps in maintaining electrolytes, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.

Due to degeneration of thymus gland, thymosin level decreases, as a result the immunity of old age people become weak and causes sickness.

1. Parathormone (PTH) is a hypercalcemic hormone.
2. It is a peptide hormone which controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis.

Anterior lobe of pituitary (Adenohypophysis) is anatomically divided into 3 layers pars intermedia, pars distalis and pars tuberalis. Neurohypophysis (Posterior lobe) is otherwise known as pars nervosa

(i) CCK is known as Cholecystokinin.
(ii) CCK is secreted by a group of specialized endocrine cells in duodenum in response to the presence of fat and acid in the diet.
(iii) CCK acts on the gall bladder to release bile into duodenum and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and its discharges.

Acromegaly is due to excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults.
Symptoms of acromegaly are :
Over growth of hand bones, feet bones, jawbones malfunctioning of gonads, enlargement of viscera, tongue, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, and also endocrine glands like thyroid, adrenal etc.

The hormone oestrogen is secreted by the ovaries.
1. It stimulates the pituitary gland to release Luteinizing hormone which induces ovulation and maintains corpus luteum. Ovulation is the release of egg from the ovary by rupture of follicular cells.
2. It stops production of follicular stimulating hormone so that only one egg mature in a cycle.

(i) Hormones coordinate different physical, physiological, mental activities and maintain homeostasis.
(ii) Maintenance of constant internal environment of the body by the different coordinating system.