1. Honey has an antiseptic and antibacterial property. It is a blood purifier.
2. It helps in building up of Haemoglobin content in the blood.
3. It is used in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines.
4. It prevents cough, cold, fever and relieves sore throat .
5. It is a remedy for ulcers of tongue, stomach and intestine.
6. It enhances digestion and appetite.

Perionyx excavatus (Indian blue worm), Eisenia fetida (Red worms), Eudrilus eugeniae (African night crawler) are the species of earthworm used for vermiculture.

i) Freezing
ii) Drying
iii) Canning
iv) Vacuum cooling
v) Gamma radiation and storing at 15^oC

i) Kitchen or Nutrition gardening.
ii) Commercial gardening.
iii} Vegetable forcing.

All the major system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy use drugs obtained from plants and animals. These drugs from medicinal plants are called secondary metabolites.

1. Honey has an antiseptic and antibacterial property. It is a blood purifier .
2. It helps in building up of haemoglobin content in the blood .
3. It is used in ayurvedic and unani system of medicines .
4. It prevents cough, cold, fever and relieves sore throat .
5. It is remedy for ulcers on tongue, stomach and intestine .
6. In enhances digestion and apetite.

Biologically degradable organic wastes are used as potential organic resources for vermicomposting.
1. Agricultural waste such as crop residue, vegetable waste, sugarcane trash.
2. Crop residues such as rice straw, tea wastes, cereal and pulse residues rice husk, tobacco wastes, coir wastes.
3. Leaf litter
4. Fruit and vegetable wastes.
5. Animal wastes - cattle dung, poultry droppings, pig slurry, goat and sheep dropping.
6. Biogas slurry.

Biofertilizers are substances that contain living micro organisms which, when applied to
seeds, plant surfaces or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the lnterior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability or primary nutrients to the host plant.
Example:
Rhyzobium:
It is a soil bacterium that colonize the roots of leguminous plants to form root nodules. The bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert them to ammonia.
Advantages of biofertilizers aver other Fertilizers:
1. In addition to releasing nutrients biofertilizers improve the structure and texture of the soil and increases the ability to hold water and nutrients, overtime, the soil and plants become healthy and strong.
2. Since it is technically living, it can symbiotically associate with plant roots involved micro organisms could readily and safely convert complex organic material into simple compounds, so that they are easily taken up plants.
3. Micro organism function is in long duration causing improvement of the soil fertility. It maintains the natural habitat of the soil.
4. It increase crop yield by 20 - 30% replaces chemical nitrogen and phosphorous by 30% and stimulates plant growth.
5. It can also provide protection against drought and soil borne diseases.

1. Most of the medicines are obtained either directly or indirectly from plants .
2. All the major systems of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy use drugs obtained from plants and animals .
3. The drugs obtained from plants are called secondary metabolites .
4. Plants produce secondary metabolites for protection, competition and species interaction, (eg) Alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids etc.,
5. Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemical substances derived from the various parts of the plant.
Example:
1. The drug Anthraquinones is derived from the leaves of katralai plant.
2. Quinine. is obtained from the barks of cinjoria maram .
3. Terpenoids is obtained from all parts of Nilavembu.