Parliamentary form of Government
(i) The parliamentary system of government is the one in which the executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts.
(ii) It is also known as cabinet government or responsible government or Westminster model of government and is prevalent in Britain, Japan, Canada, India among others.
Features of Parliamentary form of government
(i) Nominal and Real Executives.
(ii) Majority Party Rule
(iii) Collective Responsibility
(iv) Double Membership
(v) Leadership of the Prime Minister
Merill of the parliamentary form of government
(i) Harmony between Legislature and Executive.
(ii) Responsible Government
(iii) Prevents Dictatorship.
(iv) Wide Representation.
Demerits of the parliamentary form of government
(i) Unstable Government.
(ii) No Continuity of Policies.
(iii) Dictatorship of the Cabinet.
(iv) Against Separation of Powers.

Presidential form of government
(i) The American President is both the head of the state and the head of government. As the head of state, he occupies a ceremonial position.
(ii) The president is elected by an electoral college for a fixed tenure of four years.
(iii) He governs with the help of a cabinet or a smaller body called' Kitchen Cabinet' . It is only an advisory body.
(iv) The President and his secretaries are not responsible to the Congress for their acts.
(v) The legislative, executive and judicial powers of the government are separated.
(vi) It is also known as non-responsible or non-parliamentary or fixed executive system of government.
Difference between Presidential and Parliamentary form of government

Merits of unitary form of government
(i) Suitable for small countries.
(ii) There is no conflict of authority and responsibility.
(iii) A unitary government will make prompt decisions and take speedy action.
(iv) A unitary government is less expensive.
(v) Amendments to the constitution are easy.
(vi) There is unity, uniformity of law, policy and administration.

Characteristics of Good governance
(a) Participation
(b) Rule of Law
(c) Transparency
(d) Responsiveness
(e) Consensus Orientation
(f) Equity
(g) Effectiveness And Efficiency
(h) Accountability

(a) The fourth king of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuck travelled to all the 20 districts of the tiny kingdom.
(b) The purpose of the travel is to explain the importance of historic transition to the people of Bhutan.
(c) Transition from the hereditary monarchy to the Parliamentary Democracy.
(d) In 2006 the king as abdicated the throne 34 years after ascending it. Now Bhutan is a Parliamentary Democracy and King Jigme a constitutional monarch.

De-merits of unitary form of government
(i) It is not suitable for big countries.
(ii) The central government will have to tackle so many complex problems that lead to administrative delay.
(iii) The central government will not concentrate on local problems; local interest and initiative.
(iv) The concentration of powers may pave way for the despotism of the central government.

Federal features of Indian Constitution are,
(1) Dual Government
(2) Written constitution
(3) Division of Powers
(4) Supremacy of the Constitution
(5) The constitution is the supreme law of the land. The laws enacted by the Centre and the states must confirm to its provisions.
(6) Rigid Constitution
(7) Independent Judiciary
(8) Bicameralism

Unitary features of Indian constitution are
(1) Strong Centre
(2) Central Government's control over state territory
(3) Single Constitution.
(4) Flexibility of the Constitution
(5) Unequal representation of states
(6) Emergency Provisions
(7) Single citizenship
(8) Single Integrated Judiciary
(9) All India Services
(10) Appointment of Governor by the central government.

De-merits of federal form of government are,
(a) Federal government in weaker when compared to the unitary government.
(b) Federal government is more expensive.
(c) Provincial tendencies are very common
(d) Lack of uniformity in Administration
(e) Threat to national unity
(f) Distribution powers between centre and states lead to conflict
(g) Double Citizenship
(h) Rigid constitution cannot be amended easily for the changing needs.
(I) The state governments sometimes place hindrances in the foreign policy.