(i) In 2015 an independent research study was conducted to understand the level, nature and pattern of migration in Tamil Nadu.
(ii) The study clearly reveals, a whole range of occupation undertaken by migrants highly skilled occupation on the one hand and low skilled occupations on the other with large
number of semi-skilled occupations in between.

(i) Of the total migrants who go to foreign countries, nearly 20% have chosen to go to Singapore.
(ii) 18 % have gone to United Arab Emirates.
(iii) 16 % to Saudi Arabia.
(iv) 13 % to United States of America.
(v) Malaysia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Australia and England are also referred as important destinations for migrants from Tamil Nadu, in 2015

The poorer sections of the people migrate for survival but migrants from better off sections migrate to improve their living standards.

(i) Among female migrants, 70 % in India and 51 % in Tamil Nadu report marriage as their reason for migration, in 2011.
(ii) Marriage and the movement associated with marriage appear to be a major factor responsible for women's mobility in India and in Tamil Nadu.

(i) Job
(ii) Employment
(iii) Education
(iv) Trade
(v) Business

(i) "Red Tea" is a very well known novel written by Paul Harris Daniel.
(ii) The novel portraits the slavery life of plantation workers in Valparai.
(iii) This novel depicts the blood stained history of the workers that is hidden behind the green cover of the hills.
(iv) This novel has been translated in Tamil by R. Murugavel in the name "Eriyum Panikkaadu" (எரியும் பனிக்காடு)
(v) The story starts with Karupan migrating to the hills with his wife in search of survival.
(vi) The narrator of this story is Dr. Daniel, who comes there to treat the plantation employees.

(i) In Tamil Nadu the study reveals that in 2015 about 7% were illiterates, 30% had completed schooling ie class 10;10% had completed class 12, 15% had undergone vocational training. 11% were graduates, 12% were professionally qualified and 11% were postgraduates.
(ii) The study clearly reveals various occupation undertaken by migrants which refers to highly skilled occupation on the one hand and low skilled occupation on the other with large number of semi-skilled occupations in between.

(i) Change in population occurs due to births, deaths and migration.
(ii) Almost everyone keeps moving most of the time, it is not easy to define which of these moves have to be classified as migratory moves.
(iii) According to the census of 2011 the population was 7.2 crore in Tamil Nadu.
(iv) 3.13 crore people were counted as migrants.
(v) The mobility of population in rural areas is greater than in urban areas.
(vi) Mobility is usually associated with male rather than female.
(vii) The poorer sections of the people migrate for survival but migrations from better off sections is to improve their living standards
(viii) Of the International migrants 15% are women while 85% are men.

Suresh: What is the reason for population change?
Subash: Change in population occurs due to birth, death and migration.
Suresh: What is migration?
Subash: Birds, Animals and Man move from one place to another.
Suresh: Why do people migrate?
Subash: To search for Job, Education, Marriage, etc.
Suresh: How can migrants be calculated?
Subash: By place of birth and place of residence.
Suresh: How is it calculated in Tamil Nadu?
Subash: According to the census of 2011, there was 7.2 crore people in Tamil Nadu of these 3.13 crore people were counted as migrants.

To reduce the volume of migration:
1. As a large part of migration is a reflection of poverty and insecurity faced by large sections of the rural people, the focus of intervention has to be in rural areas.
2. Rural development policies to reduce poverty and insecurity would be essential to reduce migration.
To redirect the migrant streams:
1. Redirection of migrant stream occurring from cities is a desirable policy option.
2. This policy can help in reducing spatial inequalities by suitable strategies.
3. This can develop a more dispersed pattern of urbanisation.