(i) St. Sophia Cathedral was built in mid-sixth century AD (CE).
(ii) It was the most magnificent building in Europe.
(iii) It was known for its innovative architectural techniques.
(iv) This Cathedral was turned into a mosque by the Ottoman Turks when they captured Constantinople.

(i) Han Empire once again threw open the silk road for trade.
(ii) A large export trade, mainly in silk, reached as far as the Roman Empire.
(iii) In the north artisans and herders of rival "barbarian" dynasties brought in new techniques like the methods of harnessing horses, use of saddle and stirrup.
(iv) Techniques of building bridges and mountain roads and seafaring.
(v) At the beginning of the Christian Era, the Han Empire rivalled that of Roman in size and Wealth.

(i) Carthage sent a general named Hannibal.
(ii) He defeated the Roman army and made a great part of Italy a desert.
(iii) In the second Punic War, Fabius confronted Hannibal and defeated him in the Battle of Zama.
(iv) Pursued by the Roman army, Hannibal ended his life by poisoning himself.

(i) Romans followed new arch techniques which allowed the construction of aqueducts, Colosseums, basilicas and amphitheatres. Not only have many of these structures lasted for thousands of years, but the techniques are still in use today.
(ii) The system of Republic followed by Romans served as a model for others.
(iii) The Romans were also skilled at making solid long-lasting forms of concrete.
(iv) The Romans enjoyed entertainment such as chariot races, gladiator battles, plays at the theatre etc., some of them are enjoyed even today.
(v) Their roads were well engineered, designed to last and allowed for fast travel across the empire.
(vi) The Roman Emperor Augustus started the first courier service.
(vii) Romans law included all facets of life in the ancient empire. The Romans helped shape best practice in the legal system.
(viii) Roman Emperors like Trajan established social welfare schemes.
(ix) They had a very good knowledge about medical tools.
(x) The Romans were greatly admired for their city planning.
(xi) The Romans culture was the foundation of western culture and linguistics which on its turn was spread all around the world.

RISE OF ATHENIAN'S:
(i) In Athens the pressure from below resulted in the replacement of both oligarchy and tyranny by "democracy".
(ii) The law-making power in Athens was vested in an assembly open to all freemen.
(iii) The Persian expedition danger had united the Greeks.
(iv) The Athen's democracy survived for about 200 years.
GROWTH:
(i) Athens had a great leader Pericles.
(ii) He held power for thirty years.
(iii) During his rule, Athens became a noble city with magnificent buildings.
(iv) There were great artists and great thinkers.
(v) Historians therefore call this the age of Pericles.
(vi) Greeks famous historian Socrates and his successor Thucydides, lived about this time.
(vii) The thinkers of the Pericles era sought to find a new objective basis for arriving at truth.
(viii) The greatest of them was Socrates. As a philosopher he discussed difficult problems with his friends so that truth might emerge out of the discussions.
(x) Plato was his illustrious disciple, He argued that truth must depend on a realm outside human experience accessible only to philosophic elite.
(xi) Aristotle studying under Plato, laid stress on the empirical knowledge of the existing physical and social world.
(xii) Democritus and Epicurus developed a materialist view of the world.

(ii) and (iv) are correct

(i) is correct