It protect children's from sexual exploitation and abuse, When they are forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities physically or mentally.

Leather, beads, shells, tobacco, salt, com, cattle and even slaves were exchanged as barter.

The fundamental rights are :
(i) Right to Equality
(ii) Right to Freedom
(iii) Right against Exploitation
(iv) Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
(v) Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
(vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies

(i) An ecosystem is a community, where all living organisms live and interact with one another and also with their non-living environment such as land, soil, air, water etc.
(ii) Ecosystems range in size from the smallest units (Eg: bark of a tree) that can sustain life to the global ecosystem or ecosphere. (Eg: Cropland, Pond ecosystem, Forest ecosystem, Desert ecosystem etc.).
(iii) Biosphere harbours all ecosystems on the earth and sustains life forms including mankind.

The factors that generate ocean currents are:
(i) Earth's rotation
(ii) Prevailing winds and
(iii) Differences in temperature and salinity of ocean water

(i) The Protestant reformation posed a threat to the Catholic Church.
(ii) In order to meet the challenge, Pope Paul III and his successors introduced a number of rigorous reforms in the Church. They dealt with corruption severely and stopped the sale of offices.
(iii) The Council of Trent reemphasized the importance of ceremonies and the significance of the mass.
(iv) Further, it revitalized the Inquisition to deal with opposition to the Church.
(v) It also gave official sanction to the Society of Jesus.
(vi) This reformation of the Catholic Church from within is known as Counter Reformation.

(i) Sericulture the silk production by breeding the mulberry silkworm was introduced in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
(ii) By the seventeenth century, Bengal had become one of the largest silk-producing regions in the world.
(iii) In addition, other varieties of silk (like tassar) were also produced.

(i) Crusades ended the feudal relations.
(ii) Many of the nobles who went to East to take part in the Crusades either stayed too long a period or did not return.
(iii) The serfs took advantage of their absence to break away from their bondage to the soil.
(iv) Increasing demand for products of the east Ied to expansion of trade.
(v) Venice, Genoa, and Pisa emerged as important commercial centres in the mediterranean region.
(vi) Constantinople ceased to be the middle man in the trade between the East and the West.
(vii) The elemination of powerful nobles had its influence in strengthening the monarchy in France and England. One notable outcome of Crusades was the loss of prestige suffered by Pope and Papacy.

(i) St. Sophia Cathedral was built in mid-sixth century AD (CE).
(ii) It was the most magnificent building in Europe.
(iii) It was known for its innovative architectural techniques.
(iv) This Cathedral was turned into a mosque by the Ottoman Turks when they captured Constantinople.

(i) Carthage sent a general named Hannibal.
(ii) He defeated the Roman army and made a great part of Italy a desert.
(iii) In the second Punic War, Fabius confronted Hannibal and defeated him in the Battle of Zama.
(iv) Pursued by the Roman army, Hannibal ended his life by poisoning himself.

Though 71% of the Earth is covered by water, 97.5% of the Earth's water is in the oceans in the form of saltwater that cannot be used. About 2% of the water is found in the form of glaciers and ice sheets. Thus, only 0.5% of Earth's water is available for human use. It makes fresh water a critical resource.

(i) A government has the responsibility to regulate money supply and oversee the monetary policy.
(ii) Hoarding of money must be avoided at all costs in a country's economy.
(iii) Only then money can be saved in banks.
(iv) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Ph.D. thesis on 'The Problem of the Rupee -Its origin and solution' was the reference tool and provided guidelines for the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934.
(v) All the major and important banks were nationalised (1969) in India.
(vi) The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulates the circulation of currency in India.
(vii) The Reserve Bank of India started its operations on 1st April 1935.
(viii)1t was permanently moved to Mumbai from the year 1937.
(ix) RBI was nationalised in 1949. 85% of the printed currency is let for circulation. According to the statistics available as on August 2018, currency worth of 19lakh crore are in circulation.

National Human Rights Commission:
(i) The National Human Rights Commission is an autonomous body constituted in 1993.
(ii) It consists of a chairman and few other members.
(iii) NHRC is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in India defined by the Act as rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the international covenants.
Functions of NHRC:
(i) To inquire into the violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a Public servant.
(ii) To intervene in court proceedings relating to human rights.
(iii) To undertake and promote research in the field of human rights.
(iv) To engage in human rights education among various sections of society.
(v) To encourage the effects of NGOs and institutions working in the field of human rights.

(i) Romans followed new arch techniques which allowed the construction of aqueducts, Colosseums, basilicas and amphitheatres. Not only have many of these structures lasted for thousands of years, but the techniques are still in use today.
(ii) The system of Republic followed by Romans served as a model for others.
(iii) The Romans were also skilled at making solid long-lasting forms of concrete.
(iv) The Romans enjoyed entertainment such as chariot races, gladiator battles, plays at the theatre etc., some of them are enjoyed even today.
(v) Their roads were well engineered, designed to last and allowed for fast travel across the empire.
(vi) The Roman Emperor Augustus started the first courier service.
(vii) Roman law included all facets of life in the ancient empire. The Romans helped shape best practice in the legal system.
(viii) Roman Emperors like Trajan established social welfare schemes.
(ix) They had a very good knowledge about medical tools.
(x) The Roman were greatly admired for their city planning.
(xi) The Roman culture was the foundation of western culture and linguistics which on its turn was spread all around the world.

(i) After years and years of river inflow and evaporation, the salt content of the lake water built up to the present levels.
(ii) The same process made the seas salty.
(iii) Rivers carry dissolved salts to the ocean.
(iv) Water evaporates from the oceans to fall again as rain and to feed the rivers, but the salt remains in the oceans.
Therefore the ocean waters are saline in nature.

(i) The Northern Hemisphere holds 61% of land.
(ii) The Southern Hemisphere holds 81% of water. .
(iii) It is because of this pattern of land and water distribution, the Northern hemisphere is called as the land hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere is called as the water hemisphere.

This layer on earth encomposses the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere. Biosphere is made up of different eco-systems.

i) The establishment of the Vijayanagar Kingdom witnessed the most momentous development in the history of South India.

(i) is correct