South Asia and Saharan Africa has the largest concentration of poor people.

Bihar, Odisha and Assam have the poverty ratio.

1. I visited some poor families near my locality and observed many things about these families in terms of their way of living and their day-to-day struggle. One common thing which I found for all these poor families is that thay live in very inhuman conditions. Based on my observation, I would like to answer the questions given above.
2. These poor families belong to poor sections of the society and they are mostly 'dalits' or OBC (other backward class).

"PMRY" was started in 1993.

Economic growth provides the resources needed to invest in human development.
(i) This also encourages people to send their children, including girl child, to school. By investing in education they hope for better economic returns.

There has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal.
1. States like Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates.
2. Kerala has focused more on human resource development.
3. In West Bengal, land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty.
4. In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu public distribution of food grains could have been responsible for the improvement.

Apart from these social groups, there is also inequality of incomes within a family.
(i) In poor families all suffer but some suffer more than others.
(ii) Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family.
(iii) Therefore, women, children (especially the girl child) and old people are poorest of the poor.

1. According to this concept, poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people. This excludes them from enjoying social equality of better-off people in better surroundings.
2. Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as a consequence of poverty in the usual sense.
3. Broadly, it is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy.Due to their exclusion they do not get equal benefits and opportunities to grow economically.
4. A typical example is the working of the caste system in India in which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal opportunities.
5. Social exclusion thus may lead to, but can cause more damage than, having a very low income.

The following is differentiation between Ram Saran and Lakha Singh

The poverty in India is not even at all places. Every state has its own poverty line. It depends on the resources available in that particular state.
1. State level poverty has witnessed a secular decline from the levels of early seventies. The success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state.
2. Recent estimates show while the all India HCR was 21.9 percent in 2011-12; states like Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha had above all India poverty level.
3. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 percent respectively.
4. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Odisha, Madhya-Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
5. In comparison, there has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal.