It is different to imagine a World without satellites, because of the following reasons:
(i) Navigation and communication is possible only because of satellites.
(ii) GPS is an important benefit of satellites.
(iii) In Science, we do very many things with the help of satellites.

(i) Bhuvan (Sanskrit for Earth) is a free internet based computer application launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on August 12^th 2009.
(ii) It enables visualization ofIndian Remote Sensing (IRS) images taken over a year ago, by ISRO's seven satellites, including CartoSat-l and CartoSat-2.
(iii) Using Bhuvan connected to Internet, one can explore places of interest, scenes of events in the news or parts around the world they may never visit in person, by either entering the names of places or co-ordinates (latitudes and longitudes).
(iv) Bhuvan has tremendous uses for scientists, academicians, policy makers or the general

(i) GPS technology has tremendous applications in everything from mobile phones, watches, bulldozers, shipping containers and ATMS.
(ii) The main purpose of GPS is to help in providing accurate transport data (distance, route and direction).
(iii) It helps in military searches and rescue in wars.
(iv) It can work as a reliable tourist guide.
(v) GPS helps during accident and rescue vefforts speeding the delivery of emergency services and disaster relief.
(vi) Weather forecasting, earthquake monitoring and environmental protection can be done effectively by using GPS.

(i) Maps are drawn normally with north orientation.
(ii) North direction in a map is always towards the North Pole of the earth.
(iii) If you position yourself looking at the North Pole, on your right will be the east; your left will be the west; at your back, will be south.
(iv) These four main directions are called the cardinal directions.
(v) Direction is usually indicated on a map by a North-South line, with the North direction represented by an arrow head.
(vi) The memory technique to recalt cardinal direction is the sentence.

(i) Scale is one of the components of map.
(ii) Scale makes it possible to reduce the size of the whole earth to show it on a piece of paper.
(iii) A scale is a ratio between the actual distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground.
(iv) Scales can be represented in three methods.
(v) They are the
(a) Statement,
(b) Representative Fraction (R.F) and
(c) Linear or Graphical scale methods.
(a) Statement Scale:
The statement scale describes the relationship of map distance to ground distance in words, such as one centimetre to ten kilometres. It is expressed as 1cm = 10 km.
What do you mean by the term
(i) It describes the proportion or ratio of the map distance to ground distance. It is usually abbreviated as R.F. It is stated as 1/100000 or 1:100000
(ii) This means that one unit on the map represents 100,000 of the same unit on the ground.
(iii) This unit may be an inch or a centimetre or any other linear measurement unit.
(b) Representative Fraction (R.F.) = \(\frac{Distance \ on \ the \ map}{Distance \ on \ the \ Ground}\)
(c) Linear (or) Graphical cale: In geography, a linear scale is represented by a straight line divided into equal parts (Primary and secondary) to show what these markings represent on the actual ground. This scale helps in the direct measurement of distance on the map.