a) Pisiculture
Pisiculture or Fish culture is the process of breeding and rearing of Economically important fishes under controlled conditions in ponds, reservoirs, lakes, rivers and paddy fields.
b) Apiculture
Apiculture is the rearing of honey bee for honey. Honey bee is domesticated by farmers to produce honey.
c) Vermiculture
The artificial rearing or cultivation of earthworms for the production of vermicompost.
d) Mariculture
Culture of fishes and other aquatic organism in marine water near the sea coast.
e} Floriculture
Production of ornamental plants.
f} Compost
A decomposed organic matter which is rich in nutrients. It is a soil conditioner, fertilizer, natural pesticide.
g} Pomiculture
Growing (or) cultivation of fruits.
h} Pinning
During Mushroom cultivation Mycelium starts to form little bud, which will develop into mushroom. Those little white buds are called pins.

1. Honey has an antiseptic and antibacterial property. It is a blood purifier.
2. It helps in building up of Haemoglobin content in the blood.
3. It is used in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines.
4. It prevents cough, cold, fever and relieves sore throat .
5. It is a remedy for ulcers of tongue, stomach and intestine.
6. It enhances digestion and appetite.

Perionyx excavatus (Indian blue worm), Eisenia fetida (Red worms), Eudrilus eugeniae (African night crawler) are the species of earthworm used for vermiculture.

1. It is a rich source of nutrients essential for plant growth. It makes the soil fertile.
2. It improves soil structure, texture aeration and water holding capacity and helps to prevent soil erosion .
3. It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and growth regulator substances for increasing growth, vigour and yield of plants.
4. It enhances decomposition of organic matter in soil.
5. Vermicompost is free from pathogens and toxic elements.
6. Vermicompost is rich in beneficial microflora.

Fish liver oil are of great medicinal value and are rich in vitamin A, D and E.
Liver oil of cod, Tuna, Halibut and shark, yield these oils.

Queen Bee is responsible for laying eggs in a colony.
Drones main function is to fertilise the eggs produced by the queen.
Worker bees:
Their function is to collect honey, look after the young ones, clean the comb, defend the hive, and maintain the temperature of the bee hive.

Because these breeds are fairly good with yielders and also useful for farm work. So they are called as dual purpose breeds.

i) Freezing
ii) Drying
iii) Canning
iv) Vacuum cooling
v) Gamma radiation and storing at 15^oC

i) Kitchen or Nutrition gardening.
ii) Commercial gardening.
iii} Vegetable forcing.

All the major system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy abbreviated as AYUSH. It is a government body in India purposed with developing education and research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy.

All the major system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy use drugs obtained from plants and animals. These drugs from medicinal plants are called secondary metabolites.

Dairy cattle need balanced rations containing all nutrients in proportional amounts and food additives which contain minerals, vitamins, antibiotics and hormones to promote the growth of animals, good yield of milk and to protect from diseases. The daily average of feed ratio of a milking cow is
i) 15 - 25 kg of Roughage - dry grass and wheat fodder
ii) 4 - 5 kg of grain mixture
iii) 100 - 150 litres of water.
Concentrates are the feed of Dairy cattle which are low in fibre, and contain ghigh level of carbohydrates, proteins and other nutrients.
It is fed at the time of milking. This helps in 'Let down' of milk. For a cow that gives above 2.5 kg milk yield per day, 1kg of concentrate feed should be given for every additional milk yield.

Fish farm requires different types of pond for the various developmental stages of fish growth, they are
a) Breeding pond:
Healthy and sexually mature male and female fishes are collected and introduced in this pond for breeding. The eggs released by the female are fertilized by the sperm and fertilized eggs float in water as frothy mass.
b) Hatching pits:
The fertilized eggs are transferred to hatching pits for hatching.
c) Nursery ponds:
The hatchlings are transferred from hatching pits after 2 to 7 days. The hatchlings grow into fry and are cultured in these ponds for about 60 days with proper feeding till they reach 2 - 2.5 cm in length.
d) Rearing ponds:
Rearing ponds are used to culture the fry. The fish fry are transferred from nursery pond to rearing ponds and are maintained for about three months till they reach 10 to 15 cm in length. In these rearing ponds, the fry develops into fingerlings.
e) Stocking pond:
The stocking pond is also called as culture pond or production pond. These ponds are used to rear fingerlings upto the markable size. Before releasing the fingerlings the pond is manured with organic manure and inorganic fertilizers.

Biofertilizers are substances that contain living micro organisms which, when applied to
seeds, plant surfaces or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the lnterior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability or primary nutrients to the host plant.
Example:
Rhyzobium:
It is a soil bacterium that colonize the roots of leguminous plants to form root nodules. The bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert them to ammonia.
Advantages of biofertilizers aver other Fertilizers:
1. In addition to releasing nutrients biofertilizers improve the structure and texture of the soil and increases the ability to hold water and nutrients, overtime, the soil and plants become healthy and strong.
2. Since it is technically living, it can symbiotically associate with plant roots involved micro organisms could readily and safely convert complex organic material into simple compounds, so that they are easily taken up plants.
3. Micro organism function is in long duration causing improvement of the soil fertility. It maintains the natural habitat of the soil.
4. It increase crop yield by 20 - 30% replaces chemical nitrogen and phosphorous by 30% and stimulates plant growth.
5. It can also provide protection against drought and soil borne diseases.

Advantages of hydroponics:
1. Conservation of water and nutrients.
2. Controlled plant growth.
3. In deserts and Arctic regions hydroponics can be an effective alternative method.
4. Hydroponics is the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in water.
5. Hydroponics is successfully employed for the commercial production of seedless cucumber and tomato.