(i) It is against the law to employ children below 14 years of age in mines, factories or other occupations.
(ii) Neither contractor nor an employer can force a worker to do a job against their will.

(i) Pepper, spices, pearls, gems, rubies and muslin clothes were exported from the eastern sea of Tamil Nadu. Pepper and spices took a major share of the exports.
(ii) Thus this route came to be called as the spice route.

The fundamental rights are :
(i) Right to Equality
(ii) Right to Freedom
(iii) Right against Exploitation
(iv) Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
(v) Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
(vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies

(i) Bio diversity refers to a wide variety of Iiving organisms, which live in a habitat.
(ii) It is highly influenced by topography, climate as well as human activities.

(i) The Earth's water is not static.
(ii) It is always in motion.
(iii) This continuous movement of water on, above and below the earth's surface is called the Hydrological Cycle.
(iv) The three major processes involved in the water cycle are evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

(i) The invention of the printing press accelerated the process of modernisation.
(ii) Earlier, manuscripts were written by hand on animal skin called vellum.
(iii) Johannes Guttenberg invented the printing press in Germany in the middle of the fifteenth century.
(iv) The printing press enabled the production of multiple copies of a manuscript and they spread all over Western Europe.
(v) In less than fifty years after the invention of the Guttenberg printing press, about six million books had been printed.
(vi) The invention of printing press not only spread knowledge widely, but also promoted critical thinking.

(i) The first was that cotton grew in almost all parts of India, so that the basic raw material was easily available.
(ii) Second, the technology of producing a permanent colour on cotton using vegetable dyes was known from very early times in India.
(iii) Indigo was the most important dye crop that was grown in India.

(i) Crusades ended the feudal relations.
(ii) Many of the nobles who went to East to take part in the Crusades either stayed too long a period or did not return.
(iii) The serfs took advantage of their absence to break away from their bondage to the soil.
(iv) Increasing demand for products of the east Ied to expansion of trade.
(v) Venice, Genoa, and Pisa emerged as important commercial centres in the mediterranean region.
(vi) Constantinople ceased to be the middle man in the trade between the East and the West.
(vii) The elemination of powerful nobles had its influence in strengthening the monarchy in France and England. One notable outcome of Crusades was the loss of prestige suffered by Pope and Papacy.

(i) Carthage sent a general named Hannibal.
(ii) He defeated the Roman army and made a great part of Italy a desert.
(iii) In the second Punic War, Fabius confronted Hannibal and defeated him in the Battle of Zama.
(iv) Pursued by the Roman army, Hannibal ended his life by poisoning himself.

(i) Romans were prepared to tolerate Christianity. But the refusal of the Christians to pay respect to the Emperor's image was viewed as political treason.
(ii) It led to the prosecution of Christians.
(iii) Later one of the Roman Emperors, Constantine himself became a Christian. Christianity thus became the official religion of the Empire.

(i) When money replaced the barter system, a lot of practical issues were solved.
(ii) Money acts as a medium of exchange, a unit of measurement, a store of value and a standard of deferred payments. 
(iii) It plays an important role in transactions.
(iv) Money should be the common standard unit of calculating a country's total consumer goods, products, services, etc.
(v) For example if a book costs Rs.50, it means the price of the book is equal to 50 units of money.
(vi) Money is used to measure and record financial transactions in a country.

(i) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights.
(ii) It was drafted by the representatives with different legal and cultural back grounds from all regions of the world.
(iii) The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10^th Act 1948.
(iv) There are 30 articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and it guarantees freedom of expression as well as civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights.
(v) The rights apply to all people, irrespective of their race, gender and nationality, as all people are born free and equal.
(vi) This general explanation of Human Rights by UDHR is not a legally binding document; however it has a political and moral importance and many of its guarantees have become standard norms today.

(A) Continental Shelf
(i) A shallow and gently sloping platform extending out from the adjoining continental land mass into the sea is called Continental Shelf.
(ii) It is almost a uniform zone of sea bed with a gentle gradient.
(iii) It is significant in promoting richest fishing grounds.
(iv) Since the continental shelf in shallower, thus enables sunlight to penetrate through the water. This encourages abundant growth of grass, sea weeds and plankton to feed fishes.
(v) The continental shelves have extensive deposits of minerals and mineral fuels.
(vi) Hence, this zone becomes accessible for oil drilling and mining activities.
(B) Continental Slope
(i) A steep slope which descends from the edge of the continental shelf to the deep ocean-bed is called continental slope.
(ii) It forms a boundary between the Continental Crust and the oceanic crust.
(iii) This zone is free from deposits as they are steep.
(iv) The most important characteristic of continental slope is the presence of deep canyons and trenches.
(v) Due to the low penetration of sunlight, the slope has nearly freezing temperature.
(vi) Hence aquatic life has very slow rate of metabolism.

(i) Romans followed new arch techniques which allowed the construction of aqueducts, Colosseums, basilicas and amphitheatres. Not only have many of these structures lasted for thousands of years, but the techniques are still in use today.
(ii) The system of Republic followed by Romans served as a model for others.
(iii) The Romans were also skilled at making solid long-lasting forms of concrete.
(iv) The Romans enjoyed entertainment such as chariot races, gladiator battles, plays at the theatre etc., some of them are enjoyed even today.
(v) Their roads were well engineered, designed to last and allowed for fast travel across the empire.
(vi) The Roman Emperor Augustus started the first courier service.
(vii) Roman law included all facets of life in the ancient empire. The Romans helped shape best practice in the legal system.
(viii) Roman Emperors like Trajan established social welfare schemes.
(ix) They had a very good knowledge about medical tools.
(x) The Roman were greatly admired for their city planning.
(xi) The Roman culture was the foundation of western culture and linguistics which on its turn was spread all around the world.

(i) They are shallower, thus enables sunlight to penetrate through the water.
(ii) This encourages abundant growth of grass, sea weeds and plankton.
(iii) Hence these zones become the richest fishing grounds.

(i) The Northern Hemisphere holds 61% of land.
(ii) The Southern Hemisphere holds 81% of water. .
(iii) It is because of this pattern of land and water distribution, the Northern hemisphere is called as the land hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere is called as the water hemisphere.

(i) Producers are self nourishing components of the ecosystem.
(ii) Hence they are called autotrophs.

i) Mythical geneologies were collected by Col. Mackenzie.   

(iv) is correct.