Preventive measures for accidents are,
i) Education and awareness about road safety.
ii) Strict enforcement of law
iii) Engineering: a) Vehicle design b) Road infrastructure.

(a) The fourth king of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuck travelled to all the 20 districts of the tiny kingdom.
(b) The purpose of the travel is to explain the importance of historic transition to the people of Bhutan.
(c) Transition from the hereditary monarchy to the Parliamentary Democracy.
(d) In 2006 the king as abdicated the throne 34 years after ascending it. Now Bhutan is a Parliamentary Democracy and King Jigme a constitutional monarch.

(i) The extent and nature of migration in any society is basically determined by the nature of the development process experienced by that society.
(il) That is, the type and scale of development achieved by the agricultural and industrial sectors in an economy would determine the migratory patterns.

(i) Municipal corporations are established in big cities where the population of city is in many lakhs.
(ii) Municipal commissioner is the Administrative Officer.
(iii) Mayor is the Chairman of the corporation.
(iv) The term of the Mayor and other member hold office for a period of five years.

(i) River Cauvery is the third largest river in India. Its length is 765 km.
(ii) Cauvery passes Thiruchirapalli, Tanjavur, Srirangapattinam, Kumbakonnam.
(iii) The dams constructed across Cauvery in Tamil Nadu are Mettur Dam, Kallanai.

(i) To escape a fire, stop, drop, and roll.
(ii) In case your clothes bum, stop running, drop on the floor and roll to stop fire spreading.

(i) It is difficult to prepare large scale maps from obtained satellite data.
(ii) The technique is very expensive for small areas requiring one time analysis.

(i) Things used for domestic purposes can be reused and recycled.
(ii) Organic waste matter should be disposed off far away from the settlements.
(iii) Inorganic wastes can be separated, reclaimed and recycled.

(i) In order to facilitate the supply of labour to work on plantations in British overseas colonies, slavery was abolished in India (1843).
(ii) The system of indentured labour was introduced.

(i) Manchester's cool climate was ideal for textile production.
(ii) Further it was situated close to the part of Liverpool and the Coal fields of Lancashire.
(ill) In 1771, Manchester was a sleepy town of 22,000 people.
(iv) Over the next fifty years, its population exploded and reached 1,80,000.
(v) Therefore Manchester became the textile capital of the world, drawing huge numbers of migrants to the city.

(i) The establishment of the American Republic inspired the French Revolution and provided them with a model.
(ii) The French like Lafayette who participated in the American War of Independence and came back with democratic ideals.
(iii) He played an active role in the French Revolution.

(i) The houses were tiny, dirty and sickly for the labouring class.
(ii) Workers had no time to clean or change their own atmosphere even if they wished to, led to the out break of typhoid, cholrea and small pox.

We can divide the process of the colonialisation of India into three phases.
(i) Phase I Mercantilist Capitalism.
(ii) Phase II Industrial Capitalism.
(iii) Phase III Financial Capitalism.

(i) Reformers who led a religious movement to reform the church of England dispensing with the teachings and practice of Roman Catholic Church were known as puritans.
(ii) The Stuart kings James I and Charles I did not tolerate their attempts to reform the Church of England.
(iii) The persecution of Puritans prompted many to leave England and settle in the colonies.

(i) On an average, in India, every year, about 25,000 persons die due to fires and related causes.
(ii) Female accounts for about 66% of those killed in fire accidents.
(iii) It is estimated that about 42 females and 21 males die every day in India due to fire

Geographers mainly use Chain, Prismatic compass, Plane table, Dumpy level, Abney level, Clinometre, Theodolite, Total Station and GNSS to measure the distance, angle, altitude and position of the area of survey.

(i) Rajiv Gandhi government in 1986 appointed a committee on "Revitalisation of Panchayati Raj institutions for Democracy and Development".
(ii) It was under the Chairmanship of L.M. Singhri.
(iii) Its recommendations were
1. Constitutional recognition to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
2. A new chapter should be added in the constitution of India.
3. Nyaya Panchayats should be created for a cluster of villages.

(i) Of the total migrants who go to foreign countries, nearly 20% have chosen to go to Singapore.
(ii) 18 % have gone to United Arab Emirates.
(iii) 16 % to Saudi Arabia.
(iv) 13 % to United States of America.
(v) Malaysia, Kuwait, Oman, Quatar, Australia and England are also refered as important destinations for migrants from Tamil Nadu, in 2015

(i) Saplings of native species of plants and trees are being grown planet and cared for
(ii) Live colonies of coral from the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve are being transplanted to Palk Bay. The existing mangroves and the region are being mapped and the way land is used around the mangrove is being studied.
(iii) Along with awareness programmes, the communities are also being provided with livelihood training, so they can earn an income in more ways than just fishing.

April Revolution and democracy in Nepal.
i) On April 2006, the leaders of Nepal vibrant pre-democracy civil society movement "Seven Party Alliance" (SPA) called for a million strong demonstration.
ii) It was stage at seven different points along the Ring road encircling the capital Kathmandu.
iii) People demanded end to the autocratic rule of monarchy and restoration of total democracy.
iv) The king Gyanendra stopped down paring the way for democracy in Nepal.

Following the Turkish occupation, a number of scholars, artists and artisans left Constantinople moving towards the Italian city states.

(i) The Tropical Forest Biomes have very dense forests.
(ii) So human settlements are found scattered here.
(iii) They sustain their livelihood through food gathering, fishing, lumbering and shifting cultivation.

(i) Growing crops and production are done on a commercial basis, rather than on a subsistence level.
(ii) This phenomenon also increased the importance of the market and money.

(i) Child line (1098) is India's first 24 hours free emergency phone service for children in need of assistance.
(ii) Special care is given for vulnerable children like those affected by child labour, child marriage and children affected by any abuse.

(i) One of the most indispensable natural resources on earth is water.
(ii) The Earth is also called the Blue planet, as it holds water in abundance.
(iii) Thus stands unique among all other planets

(i) Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution.
(ii) By this right, a person can adopt Constitutional means and approach a court ifhe is denied the Fundamental Rights.
(iii) The court then issues orders which are called 'Writs' to the government to restore the rights to the citizen.
(iv) The Constitutional Remedies put to right anything which may be wrong in terms of the Constitution.
(v) This right therefore protects and safeguards all other rights

(i) The barter system flourished wherever civilizations thrived.
(ii) This system was active not only within a civilization, but also among civilizations.
(iii) As years went by, there were issues found in barter system.
(iv) To solve these issues, they fixed a common item with a standard value, for the effective exchange of goods.
(v) It was usually in the form of some metal.
(vi) Hence, the metals can be termed as the first form of money.

(i) Biosphere, the fourth sphere of the Earth, is a life supporting layer that exists on the earth's surface.
(ii) This layer on earth encompasses the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere.
(iii) It includes flora and fauna that thrive on or near the earth's surface.
(iv) Biosphere harbours all ecosystems on the earth and sustains life forms including mankind

(i) Transverse Dunes are asymmetrical in shape.
(ii) They are formed by alternate slow and fast winds that blow from the same direction

(i) Development increases the quality of life.
(ii) People will have higher incomes, better education, better health and nutrition, less poverty and more equality of opportunity.

The nature of employment in India is multi-dimensional. Some get employment throughout the year. Some others get employed for only a few months in a year.

(i) A valley is made deeper by a stream of water (or) a river as it flows from the high land.
(ii) The valleys are either 'U' shaped or 'V' shaped.
(iii) The glacier debris get deposited in the low lying areas. So glaciers do not form deep narrow valleys.

In 1772 CE Daniel Rutherford discovered Nitrogen in atmosphere.

(i) Voters Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) is the way forward to enhance credibility and transparency of the election process.
(ii) This system was first introduced in 2014 General election.

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives and which has an elected (or) nominated President rather than a Monarch.
e.g., India, Australia.

(i) Monastries and temples served the purpose of imparting education.
(ii) Nalanda was a great monastery built by the Magadha Empire.
(iii) Educational centres offered Buddhist and Vedic literature, logic, grammar, medicine, philosophy and astronomy.
(iv) Even the science of war was taught.
(v) Nalanda became the most renowned seat of learning in course of time.

The bodies of plants and animals that fall on the sedimentary rock deposits get embedded in the layers and form fossils.

The third section of Tholkappiyam describes poetic conventions that provide information on Tamil social life.

(i) As a result of domestication and cultivating plants, there was an excess food production.
(ii) The surplus food production was a main factor for the development of early civilisations.

As one of the oldest civilisations, the Egyptian civilisation is known for its monumental architecture, art, sciences and crafts at a very early age.

The amount of heat received from the sun in the form of short waves is called insulation (or) incoming Solar Radiation

1. The Numerous sculpture, paintings and carvings attest to the artistic skills of Egyptians.
2. Their writing is also a form of art.
3. Giza pyramids are considered to be one of the wonders of the world.
4. These monuments display the engineering, architectural and human resource management skills of the Egyptians.

1. In Megalithic period people buried the dead bodies with grave goods in the cists.
2. Urns or pottery jars were used for burning the dead and also they used sarcophagi made of terracotta.
3. Dolmens, table like stone structures were erected as funerary monuments. Menhirs pillar are like stones erected as part of the burials or memorials.
4. Port holes are holes found in the cists and dolmens on one side.

(i) In democracy Fundamenta! Rights are safeguarded to all the people.
(ii) All the People have equal rights.
(iii) People from all walks of life are treated equally.
(iv) People can elect their own leader.