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Published on: 09/12/2019
The Fundamental Unit of Life
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1.
State three differences between plasma membrane and cell wall.
2.
Differentiate between diffusion and Osmosis.
3.
Our body is formed of millions of cells. Now, you can imagine how minute the cells are.We cannot see unicellular bacteria or our cheek cell without the help of microscope.We can see a type of cell with naked eye. These are shelled eggs, for example, egg of a hen. Eggs of a bird after hatching give rise young ones (chick).
With this information, answer the following questions:
(i) Egg of which bird is biggest?
(ii) Why is it said that take one egg daily?
(iii) Why should we not eat more eggs daily for a long period?
(iv) What is your duty after getting this information?
4.
What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
5.
Difference between diffusion and osmosis. Write any two examples where a living organism uses osmosis to absorb water.
6.
Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material?
7.
What are genes?
8.
Describe the role played by the Lysosomes. Why are these termed as suicidal bags? How do they perform their function?
9.
Describe the role played by the lysosomes in the cell. Why are these termed as suicidal bags? How do they perform their function?
10.
Water forms two-thirds of the weight of the body. Body cells contain about 60% to 70% of water.All life processes carried out in a cell require water medium.It is essential to well being, deprivation or loss of water, as in case of diaohrrea, dysentry, vomiting etc. is more immediately serious than of any other article in diet.On the basis of above information answer the following questions:
(i) What first aid you will provide to a patient who has lost sufficient water from the body cells due to loose motions?
(ii) How would you prepare the solution to hydrate the body cells of the patient?
(iii) What would you do for the community with this information?
1.
| Plasma Membrane | Cell Wall |
|---|---|
| It provides support and shape to the cell. | It gives strength and rigidity to the plant cell. |
| It is semipermeable in nature allowing the entry of selected molecules into cell. | It is completely permeable in nature. |
| It is elastic, living and thin. | It is rigid and non-living. |
2.
| Diffusion | Osmosis |
|---|---|
| It occurs in any medium. | It occurs in liquid medium only. |
| Diffusing molecules may be solid, liquid or gaseous solutes. | It involves movement of liquid molecules only. |
| semipermeable membrane is not required. | Semipermeable membrane is required. |
3.
(i) Ostrich (Struthio cametus), its egg size is about 15 em x 13 cm weighing about 3 pounds.
(ii) An egg provides sufficient proteins, fats, vitamin A and vitamin D.
(iii) Eggs contains lot of cholestrol that may cause heart diseases. We should not eat many eggs in a day for long period.
(iv) Our duty is that we should make our friends, relatives and community to know about useful and harmful effects of eating eggs.
4.
Golgi apparatus is connected to ER. It collects simpler molecules from ER and convert them into more complex molecules. These are then packaged in small vesicles and are stored or transported inside or outside the cell. If Golgi apparatus is not present in the cell, all the above processes of modification, storage and transportation will not be possible.
5.
Difference
| Osmosis | Diffusion |
|---|---|
| Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. | The process of spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of its high concentration is low is called diffusion. |
Example of osmosis:
(i) Absorption of water by plant roots.
(ii) Absorption of water by freshwater unicellular organisms such as Amoeba.
6.
Mitochondria and plastids are the two organelles that contain their own genetic material. Both these organelles have their own DNA and ribosomes.
7.
Gene is a segment of DNA. They are located on chromosomes in linear fashions. One gene may perform one or more function. Genes are carrier of genetic codes.
8.
(i) Extracellular digestion. Sometimes lysosome enzymes are released outside the cell to break down extracellular material.
(ii) Digestion of foreign material. lysosomes also destroy and foreign material which enters inside the cell such as bacteria.
(iii) Cellular digestion. In damaged cells, ageing cells or dead cells lysosomes get ruptured, and enzymes are released. These enzymes digest their own cell.
Lysosomes contain about 40 hydrolytic enzymes. When the cell gets damaged, lysosomes burst and their enzymes digest their own cell. So, lysosomes are called 'suicide bags'.
Foreign materials entering the cell, such as bacteria or food, as well as old organelles end up in the lysosomes, which break them up into small pieces.
9.
(i) Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes.These enzymes are made by rough endoplasmic reticulum.
(ii) Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell.
(iii) During the disturbance in cellular metabolism, e.g. when a cell gets damaged, lysosomes present in the cell may burst and the enzymes digest the damaged cell. Hence, lysosomes are called as 'suicidal bags' of a cell.
(iv) Lysosomes break up the foreign materials entering into the cell, such as bacteria or food into smal piece
10.
(i) We will give ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) from time to time till we reach to doctor or doctor comes to attend the patient. ORS is available in powder form packed in sachets.
(ii) We can make ORS in home by the following way:
Ingredients
1. One level teaspoon of salt
2. Eight level teaspoon of sugar
3. One litre of clean drinking or boiled water and then cooled (5 cupfuls-each cup about 200 .ml.),
Preparation Method
Stir the mixture till the salt and sugar dissolve.
(a) Arrange community lectures, debates to sensitise harmful effects of dehydration of the body.
(b) Conveying importation of ORS and its preparation in home
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