Why Do We Fall Ill

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Questions:

Generic 4

4 x 4 = 16

Teacher told students that the attainment of a Healthy environment is very important for a healthy person .It is the duty and responsibility of every individual in soceity to keep the environment clean and prevent pollution .It is the responsibility of the school staff they are paid to do it.
Answer the following questions based on the above information:
(a) How can we contribute towards maintaining a neat and clean environment in school?
(b) Which values teacher displayed by talking cleanliness of school?

Give cause and remedy of
(a) Hepatitis (b) AIDS (C) Malaria

What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality?Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?

State and explain in brief the four major factors, which cause disease.

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases?

Giving reasons, justify that it is difficult to prepare antiviral medicines than antibiotics.

How do diseases spread through water?

What are acute and chronic diseases?Which one of the two are more harmful and why?Give an example in support of your answer.

What are the difference between acute and chronic diseases?

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

10.

Rohit told Mohit that malaria is spreading these days.you should be careful.Mohit said that he read in the book that malaria is transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes These mosquitoes breed in stagnant water such as ponds,ditches,water coolers,water storage tanks,etc.Rohit and Mohit decided to take help from friends and also take help from concerned Municipal department to do the needful and educate the community.
Answer the following questions based on the above information:
(a) Which preventive measures do you suggest for the prevention of such diseases caused by mosquitoes?
(b) Which values are displayed by Rohit and Mohit?

11.

List the measure for preventing infectious diseases.

12.

Given an example where tissue-specificity of the infection leads to very general seeming effects.

13.

How many times did you fall ill in last one year? what were the illnesses?
(a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any of/most of the above illnesses.
(b) think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any of/most of the above illness.

14.

What are immediate cause and contributory cause of disease?

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

15.

Infectious diseases can prevented by

(a)

reducing exposure to infection causing agents

(b)

immunisation

(c)

public health hygiene measures

(d)

all of the above

16.

Which one of the following disease is spread by microbes?

(a)

High blood pressure

(b)

Diabetes

(c)

Sleeping sickness

(d)

Peptic ulcer

17.

Which one of the following is dangerous for individual health?

(a)

Garbage thrown is streets

(b)

Open drainage

(c)

Stagnant water around our living

(d)

All of these

18.

Which one of the following is not the common disease caused by viruses?

(a)

Common cold

(b)

Influza

(c)

Dengue fever

(d)

Typhoid

19.

The protozoan organism that causes kalaazar is

(a)

ieshmania

(b)

ascaris

(c)

trypansoma

(d)

antomoeba

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Answers Key:

Generic 4

4 x 4 = 16

1. It is our responsibility too since cleanliness is our concern also.
2. We can contribute by not throwing paper and dirt here and there,keeping the things in orderly manner,etc
3. Keeping classrooms clean.
4. Not damaging desks or other school property
5. keeping toilets clean.
6. Helping younger students in keeping the school neat-clean.
7. Not littering and keeping playgrounds clean.
8. Helping in maintaining safe school transport.
(b) (1) Importance of keeping the environment clean
(2) To make student understand that they alos have responsibility to keep the school and safeguard its property.

S.No	Cause	Remedy
(a)	Hepatitis is caused by virus	(i) Hepatitis A and B vaccination (ii) Avoid eating stale food
(b)	AIDS is caused by HIV	(i) Avoid any type of infection. (ii) Now anti-viral drugs that keep HIV infection under control are avilable.
(c)	malaria is caused by Plasmodium spread by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito	(i) Avoid breeding of mosquitos in stagnent water ditches, ponds (ii) Consult doctor for treatment. (iii) Use mosquito repellents.

(i) Vaccination against small pox.
(ii) BCG vaccination against tuberculosis.
(iii) Polio drops against polio disease
(iv) Vaccination against chicken pox.
(v) Vaccination against Hepatitis
(vi) DPT vaccination against dipheria, pertusis
(viii) Immunisation against measles.
Major health problems are:
(i) Hepatites
(ii) Chicken pox
(iii) Tuberculosis
(iv) Tetanus.

The factors which are important for maintaining good health and if not present will lead to diseases are:
(i) Availability of proper balance diet (food) in sufficient quantity and clean water.
(ii) Good environment or surroundings that includes physical environment, Public cleanliness is important.Stagnation of dirty water, presence of open drains, garbage, in the surrounding cause spread of diseases.
(iii) Good special environment is an important factor is maintaining good health.If people mistreat each other or some particular people, they are mentally ill, they cannot lead happy life.
(iv) Good economic condition or job is the major factor which causes disease.For example, to provide good and proper food, clean clothes and hygienic conditions, proper social relationship, good economic conditions are essential.

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

(i) Preventing overcrowding
(ii) Providing safe drinking water
(iii) Cleanliness in the school premises and also in the classroom.
(iv) Use of handkerchief or towel while sick student is sneezing or coughing.
(v) Use of clean toilets.

(i) Viruses lack any cell well of their own.They enter our cells and use our machinery for their life processes.
(ii) They do not have cytoplasm and cell organelles.To multiply they enter the cell of living organism.They use cellular resources of the host to reproduce.
(iii) As viruses lack cells, biochemical process are missing in viruses.Since these biochemical processes are targets of antibiotics, antibiotics do not work on viruses.

Diseases spread through water when the excreta of any organism suffering from an infectious disease like cholera get mixed with the drinking water and this contaminated water is used by people living nearby.The infectious microbes enter in new hosts along with drinking water.This causes spread of diseases.This particularly happens in the areas where safe supplies of drinking water are not available.

S.No	Acute disease	Chronic disease
1	An acute disease is one which comes rapidly and can dangerous.	A chronic disease is one that lasts for a long time.
2	It overs very soon, not have enough time to cause major effects on general health.Example-Common cold.	It is treated in a long time and causes prolonged general poor health.Example - elethantiasis

S.No	Acute disease	Chronic disease
1	An acute disease is one which comes rapidly and can dangerous.	A chronic disease is one that lasts for a long time.
2	It overs very soon, not have enough time to cause major effects on general health.Example-Common cold.	It is treated in a long time and causes prolonged general poor health.Example - elethantiasis

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

10.

1. Filling of bitches with mud where mosquitoes breed
2. Water tanks should not be left open.Water in the coolers should be changed frequently.
3. Water surfaces are sprayed with kerosine oil,petroleum,paraffin,oil,etc.so that mosquitoes are killed in their larval or pupal stages.
4. By fumigating kill the adult mosquitoes ,effective in driving the mosquitoes out.
5. Spraying D.D.T ,b.H.C lindane and other effective insecticides to kill the mosquitoes (chemical control)
6. By the use of mosquito nets and use of mosquito repellents.
(b) Community service and social responsibility.

11.

(i) Exposure to air borne diseases can be prevented by providing living conditions that are not overcrowded.
(ii) Exposure to water borne microbes can be prevented by providing safe drinking water i.e., water treated to kill any microbial contamination.
(iii) The person suffering from an infectious disease should be kept in isolation
(iv) One should take balanced diet to make the immune system strong.This will also help in preventing infectious diseases.

12.

1. The tissue-specificity of the infection leading to very general-seeming effect is seen in case of HIV infection.In this case, HIV infecting virus goes to the immune system and damages its functions.Therefore, body cannot fight off the many minor infections that we face daily.
2. For example, small cold can become pneumonia; a minor gut infection leads to major diarrhoea with blood loss.These and other such diseases may cause death of HIV-AIDS patient.Thus, the other infections kill people that are suffering from HIV-AIDS.
3. The tissue-specify of the infection is lymph nodes.General seeming effects are loss of immunity to even minor other diseases or other minor infections that lead to death of the patient.

13.

Three times in the last year. Names of disease - malaria, dysentery, viral fever.
Change in habit
(i) avoiding accumulation of stagnant water to avoid mosquito breeding.
(ii) use of spray and other measures to kill mosquitoes.
(iii) Keeping the surrounding clean.
(iv) use of nourishing food and safe water. Avoiding exposed food and unfiltered water.
(v) personal hygiene.
(b) One change in surroundings: Avoiding accumulation of garbage and stagnant water in the surroundings.

14.

(i) Immediate cause of disease is Infectious organisms like virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan etc.For example, the cause of loose motions can be an infection with a virus, Here viruses is the immediate cause of disease.
(ii) Contributory cause of disease:
(a) poor health due to lack of good nourishment.
(b) poor economic condition due to which one does not get proper and sufficient food and lives in unhygienic conditions.
(c) genetic defects which cause some people more prone to disease than others.
(d) Lack of public services.

Multiple Choice Question

5 x 1 = 5

15.