(i) January and February are cold months alost all over India.
(ii) In the South temperature are around 24^o-25^oC and in the northern plains they are 10^oC to 15^oC
(iii) Days are fairly warm and nights are cold.
(iv) High pressure area develops over the plains of north-west. Winds blow from land to sea. They are cold and dry.
(v) Weather is fine with clear sky, low temperature and low humidity and feeble variable winds.
(vi) Some times cyclones from the Mediterranean sea distrub the fine weather and casue rainfall in the north-western region of the country. Cold waves follow them.
(vii) The north-eastern monsson winds after passing over the Bey of Bengal cause winter rains on the Coromondel coast of Tamil Nadu.

Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfal of the following reasons:
(a) Tamil Nadu coast lies on the eastern coast of the peninsula. During summer, Arabian Sea branch of southwest monsoon ascends on the Western Ghats and causes ,aximum rainfall on its western side. On the other hand, the Tamil Nadu coast remains dry due to its location off the way of south-west monsson as moving towards east they go on shedding their moisture.
(b) During winter, the north-east dry monsson winds blow over the Bay of Bengal. As they pass over the Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and bring rain to the Tamil Nadu coast as now they are under the effect of on-share winds, full of moisture.

(i) When the tropical Eastern South Pacific Ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean experiences low pressure. In this condition, the monsoon rainfall will be average.
(ii) In some years, it is reverse when the pressure difference is negative - means below average and late monsoon.
(iii) The change in pressure conditions is connected to the EL Nino.

(a) Location
1. India is located between 8° N to 37° N latitudes.
2. Tropic of Cancer divides the country into two - equal halves - North sub-tropical zone and South tropical zone.
3. India is surrounded by three water bodies in the south and girdled by a high continuous mountain chain in the North. This compact physical setting gives unique and common climatic framework.
4.The Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea have moderating effects on India's climatic condition.
(b) Relief
5. High mountains in the North act as barriers for cold and hot winds. It provides the whole of North India a tropical climate.
6. They may also cause precipitation as they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearing winds. For example, the leeward side of Western Ghats remains relatively dry in monsoon season.
7.The Himalayas also force the South-West monsoons to shed all their moisture in the subcontinent. Thus, it can be concluded that location and relief are important factors in determining the climate of India.

(i) The Arabian sea branch.
(ii) The Bay of Bengal branch.

(i) Himalayas acts as a barrier to the south-west monsoon in summer and provides rainfall all over the country.
(ii) It is also the barrier for extreme cold winds coming from Central Asia and therefore a uniform higher tempearture prevails in northern India in comparison to areas on the same latitude.
(iii) Therefore we can say that Himalayas is deciding factor in the prevaliling climate conditions in India.

Distance from the sea : The sea exerts a moderating influence on climate; As the distance from the sea increases, its moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions.

(i) Because there are perceptible regional variations in climatic conditions within the country.
(ii) These conditions vary from place to place and season to season.

Rainiest month July and the rainfall is 19.3

Southwest monsson winds account for rainfall along Malabar Coast.

(i) Climate regime of India defined as the monsoon climate because monsoon winds govern them strongly.
(ii) The major climatic terms with regard to India are
(iii) Pre-monsoon, monsoon and the postmonsoon.
(iv) The Indian atmosphere remains loaded with monsoon throughout the year:
(v) Sometimes it experiences advancing monsoon.
(vi) Yet another times it experience north-east monsson.
(vii) Another times it experiencs monsoon withdrawal.
(viii) The sailors who came to India in historic times frist noticed the phenomenon of the mnsson.
(xi) They benefited from the reversal of the wind system as they came by sailing ships at the mercy of winds.
(x) The Arabs came to India as traders and named this seasonal reversal of the wind system 'monsoon'.