In the 19th century struggles for democracy centred around:
(a) Political equality, freedom and justice.
(b) One major demand was the right for every adult citizen to vote; men, women, rich or poor, white or black.

In the 19th century struggles for democracy centred around:
(a) Political equality, freedom and justice.
(b) One major demand was the right for every adult citizen to vote; men, women, rich or poor, white or black.

The military under General Augusto Pinochet surrounded the President's house and started bombing it. President Allende died in the military attack.

(i) Allende preferred government control on all big industries and the economy.
(ii) Walesa wanted the market to be free of governments interference.
(iii) Michelle struck somewhere in the middle.

(i) Power was exercised by the governments elected by the people and not by the army, unelected leaders or any external power.
(ii) The people enjoyed some basic political freedom.

Lech Walesa was a worker in Lennin shipyard who dismissed from service in 1976 for demanding higher pay. He joined the protest movement against the government and became the trade union leader. Later on he co-founded solidarity. On 14 August 1980, the workers of Lenin Shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on siriking workers. The workers led by Walesa signed a 21-point agreement with the government that ended their strike. The struggle for free and independent trade union and other freedoms was played under his leadership.
Finally in 1990, Walesa was elected president of Poland.

The workers led by Walesa signed a 21-point agreement with the government that ended their strike. The government agreed to recognise the worker's right to form independent trade unions and their right to strike. After the Gdansk agreement was signed, a new trade union called Solidarity was formed.

U.N. is an international organisation which was established after the end of the second world war in 1945. Its main object is the maintenance of international peace and security and to establish friendly relations among nations. It also has the responsibility to settle international disputes by peaceful means and to prevent the outbreak of war.
At the time of its establishment, U.N.O. had 51 members but at present its membership has risen to 193 members.
The various organs of U.N. are:
(i) General Assembly
(ii) Security Council
(iii) Economic and Social Council
(iv) Trusteeship Council
(v) International Court of Justice
(vi) Secretariat

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Bulgaria were part of the Soviet Union which became independent countries in 1991?
Albania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, Poland, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia were other countries ruled by communist parties in 1980s.

- Poland is situated in eastern part of Europe.
- Countries surroundings.
- Germany, Czech republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania.