Arms and ammunition and allied items of defence equipment, defence aircraft and warships,
1. Atomic energy
2. Coal and lignite
3. Mineral oils
4. Minerals specified in the Schedule to the Atomic Energy (Control of Production and Use) Order, 1953
5. Railway transport

i. Departmental undertakings is the form of public enterprises which is most suitable for projects related to National Security
ii. Because Strategic industries like defence and atomic power cannot be better managed other than government departments.
iii. Department undertakings can maintain secrecy in their working.

(i) Private sector enterprises :
i. Sole Proprietors:Designers, Developers, Plumbers and Repairmen
ii. Partnerships: Legal, Accounting, Tax
(ii) Global enterprises:
i. Coca Cola
ii. Colgate Palmolíve
(iii) Public enterprises:
i. Indian Railways
ii. All India Radio

A departmental undertaking is established either as a separate full - fledged ministry or as a major sub-division of a ministry (i.e. department) of the Government.

(i) Departmental undertakings
(ii) Statutory corporations
(iii) Government company
(iv) Board organisation

A "Government Company" is defined under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 as "any company in which not less than 51% of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company".

(i) Department form of organisation of managing state enterprises is the oldest form of organisation. In those days, no distinction was made between the routine functions of the Government and that of the public enterprises.
(ii) Under departmental form of organisation, a public enterprise is run as a separate full-fledged ministry or as a major subdivision of a department of the Government.
(iii) The Delhi Milk Scheme, All India Radio, Doordarshan are other examples of departmental undertakings.

1. Departmental organisations - Indian Railways, Food and Public distribution.
2. Public organisations - Food Corporation of India FCI, ONGC, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation.
3. Government companies - Steel Authority of India Ltd, Tamilnadu Transport Corporation.
4. Board organisations - Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board.

There are 4 organisations that come under public sector. They are
i. Departmental organisations
ii. Public organisations
iii. Government companies
iv. board organisations

Following are the areas where the state or central ownership is a preferred form of business organisation:
1. the place where raw materials are available
2. the place where suitable workers are found
3. the place where transportation facilities like roadways, railways, shipping and airways are readily available.
4. The place where political stability is determined.

1. For attract the people, they can change the buses with new facilities.
2. Wi-fi facilities can be provided.
3. New painted buses with luxury can run.
4. Air condition facilities can apply.
5. At low cost they can run the bus.
6. New engine can introduce for control of air problems.
7. The government has the power of control the buses. So they can provide subsidy facilities to the people to attract.
8. Buses can be remodelling with new ideas among the people.
9. Can adopt new innovations to attract the people.
10. Tickets cost may be reduced.

Features of Government Company:
a) Registration Under the Companies Act:
A Government company is formed through registration under the Companies Act, 1956, and is subject to the provisions of this Act, like any other company.
However, the Central Government may direct that any of the provisions of the Companies Act shall not apply to a Government company or shall apply with certain modifications.
b) Executive Decision of Government:
A Government company is created by an executive decision of the Government, without seeking the approval of the Parliament or the State Legislature.
c) Separate Legal Entity:
A Government company is a legal entity separate from the Government, It can acquire property; can make contracts and can file suits, in its own name.
d) Whole or Majority Capital Provided by Government:
The whole or majority (at least 516) of the capital of a Government company is provided by the Government; but the revenues of the company are not deposited into the treasury.
e) Majority of Government Directors:
Being in possession of a majority of share capital, the Government has authority to appoint majority of directors, on the Board of Directors of a government company.

a) Special Statute:
A public corporation is created by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature. The Act defines its powers, objectives, functions and relations with the ministry and the Parliament (or State Legislature).
b) Separate Legal Entity :
A public corporation is a separate legal entity with perpetual succession and common seal. It has an existence, independent of the Government. It can own property; can make contracts and file suits, in its own name.
c) Capital Provided by the Government:
The capital of a public corporation is provided by the Government or by agencies controlled by the government. However, many public corporations have also begun to raise money from the capital market.
d) Financial Autonomy:
A public corporation enjoys financial autonomy. It prepares its own budget, and has authority to retain and utilize its earnings for its business
e) Management by Board of Directors:
Its management is vested in a Board of Directors, appointed or nominated by the Government. But there is no Governmental interference in the day-to-day working of the corporation.