(i) Phishing is a types of social engineering attack often used to steal user data, including login credentials and credit card numbers.
(ii) Phishing is one of the easiest forms of cyber-attack to deliver malware.

(i) A static web page is a webpage that is delivered to the user’s web browser exactly as stored.
(ii) Static webpages are often HTML documents stored as files in the file system and made available by web server over HTTP.

(i) URL is an abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator. It is an address that shows where a particular page can be found on the World Wide Web.
(ii) The main purpose of URL is to identify the location of a document and other resources available on the internet and specify the mechanism for accessing it through a web browser.

Looking for an information on the internet is called browsing or surfing. To browse the internet, a software called the web browser or browser is used.

(i) ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. It is a non-profit organization headquartered in Southern California that was formed in 1998.
(ii) The main role of ICANN is to manage and oversee the domain name registration process and the assignment of Internet Protocol(IP) addresses to Internet Service Provider(ISPs) through its Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) group.

There are various internet protocols such as TCP/IP(Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), UDP/IP(User datagram protocol/Internet protocol), HTTP(Hypertext transfer protocol), FTP(File transfer protocol) Among these protocols, TCP/IP is the most common internet protocol.

1. Indirect access:
(i) This is most common method used in home and office networks.
(ii) The device e.g. computer connects to a network using Ethernet or Wi-Fi and the network connects to the Internet using Asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL (cable or fibre).
2. Direct access:
(i) This is most common method used when travelling.
(ii) The device e.g. smart phone connects directly to the Internet using 3G/4G mobile networks or public Wi-Fi.
(iii) Internet access is sold by Internet Service Provider(ISPs) delivering connectivity at a wide range of data transfer rates via various networking technologies.

1. Hotspots are sites that offer Internet access over a wireless local area network (WLAN) by way of a router that then connects to an internet service provider.
2. Hotspots utilize Wi-Fi technology, which allows electronic devices to connect to the Internet or exchange data wirelessly through radio waves.
3. Hotspots can be phone based or free standing, commercial or free to the public.
4. Its possible for hackers to distribute malware through an unsecured Wi-Fi connection, especially if you are using a file-sharing program over the same network.

1. A protocol suite is defined as the set of protocols organized in different layers. The TCP/IP protocol suite is used in internet today.
2. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is the standard internet communications protocols that allow digital computers to communicate over long distances.
3. The internet is a packet-switched network, in which information is broken down into small packets, sent individually over many different rotes at the same time, and then reassembled at the receiving end.
4. TCP is a component that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while $\mathbb{I}$ is responsible for making sure the packets are sent to the right destination.
5. TCP/IP is a hierarchical protocol suite means that each upper layer protocol receives support and services from either one or more lower-level protocols.

There are many applications of internet such as:
1. Communication: Computer users around the world extensively use the email service on internet to communicate with each other. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as email attachments. VolP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that underlies all internet communication.
2. Job search:
Nowadays many people search for their jobs online as it is quicker and there is a larger variety of jobs vacancies present. People can publish resume online for prospective job. Popular examples are Naukri.com, Linkedln, etc
3. Video conferencing: It enables direct face to face communication across networks via web cameras, microphones and other communication tools. Video conferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money saving. Video conferencing is very interactive in education to communicate between teacher to teacher, teacher to classroom and classroom to classroom with students at different places.
4. E-commerce: E-commerce or electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, or transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network. These transactions occur either business-to-business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer or consumer to business. Flipkart, Snapdeal, Paytm, etc are example of e-commerce.
5 Travel: One can use internet to gather information about various tourist place. It can be used for booking Holiday tours. Some of the websites providing this service are goibibo.com, makemytrip.com, olacabs.com.
6. Nowadays internet is almost use in every fields. Due to increase in technology, use of internet has benefitted the users in many ways. Internet enables millions of computers from different organization and people to communicate and share resource globally.

1. Mobile:
(i) Many cell phone and smartphone providers offer voice plans with Internet access.
(ii) Mobile Internet connections provide good speeds and allow you to access the Internet.
2. DSL:
(i) DSL, which stands for Digital Subscriber Line, uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to one's home so service is delivered at the same time as landline telephone service.
(ii) Customers can still place calls while surfing the Internet.
3. Satellite:
(i) In certain areas where broadband connection is not yet offered, a satellite Internet option may be available
(ii) Similar to wireless access, satellite connection utilizes a modem.
4. Cable:
(i) Cable Internet connection is a form of broadband access.
(ii) Through use of a cable modem, users can access the Internet over cable TV lines.
(iii) Cable modems can provide extremely fast access to the Internet.
5. Wireless:
(i) Radio frequency bands are used in place of telephone or cable networks.
(ii) One of the greatest advantages of wireless Internet connections is the "always-on" connection that can be accessed from any location that falls within network coverage.
(iii) Wireless connections are made possible through the use of a modem, which picks up Internet signals and sends them to other devices.