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Published on: 31/07/2018
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1.
An object may appear to be moving for one person and stationary for some others. For the passengers in a moving bus, the roadside trees appear to be moving backward. A person standing on the roadside perceives the bus alongwith the passengers as moving. However, a passenger inside the bus sees his fellow passengers to be at rest. So motion is not absolute, it is relative.
(a) Are rest and motion absolute or relative terms?
(b) Can an object be at rest as well as in motion at the same time?
(c) You are walking towards India Gate. Is India at rest with respect to you or it is moving with respect to you?
2.
State the S.I unit of speed A girl moves with the speed of 6 km/h for 2 h and with the speed of 4 km/h for the next 3 h find the average speed of the girl and the total distance moved.
3.
A train is travelling at a speed of 90 km \(h^{ -1 }\) Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of -0.5 \(ms^{ -2 }\) Find how far the train will go before it is brought to rest?
4.
What can you say about the motion of a body,if its
(i) Displacement time graph is the straight line passing through the orgin?
(ii) Velocity time graph is parallel to the time-axis?
5.
When is a body said to have
(i) uniform velocity; and
(ii) variable velocity?
6.
Define the term velocity .What is its SI unit? Is it a scalar or vector quantity?
7.
Show that rest and motion are relative terms.
8.
Define the terms rest and motion Give one example for each.
9.
You must have the story of the hare and tortoise. The two started simultaneously from the same point for a common destination. The hare slept for sometime along the way, and the tortoise reached the destination first. Since in this journey the tortoise took less time than the hare, the average speed of the tortoise was greater than that of the hare. But everyone knows that when the hare was actually running, it was much faster than the tortoise.
(a) Define the term speed.
(b) What is the S.I. unit of speed?
(c) Define average speed.
(d) Can the average speed of an object be negative?
10.
A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 m s-1. If the acceleration of the stone during its motion is 10 m s–2 in the downward direction, what will be the height attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there?
11.
Describe the various types of motions observed in bodies.
12.
The distance travelled by a freely falling body is proportional to the
mass of the body
square of the time of fall
square of the acceleration due to gravity
time of fall
13.
The velocity of an object is directly proportional to time elapsed the object ha
Uniform speed
uniform velocity
uniform acceleration
variable acceleration
14.
A particle experiences constant acceleration for 20 seconds after starting from rest If it travels a distance \(s_{ 1 }\) in the first 10 seconds and distance \(s_{ 2 }\) in the next 10 seconds then
\(s_{ 2 }=s_{ 1 }\)
\(s_{ 2 }=2s_{ 1 }\)
\(s_{ 2 }=3s_{ 1 }\)
\(s_{ 2 }=4s_{ 1 }\)
15.
When a graph of one quantity versus another results in a straight line, the quantity are
both constant
equal
directly proportional
inversely proportional
16.
A 50 m long train passes over a 250 m long bridge at a velocity of 60 km/h How long will it take to pass completely over the bridge?
18 s
20 s
24 s
none of these
17.
\(m/s^{ -2 }\) is the SI unit of
distance
displacement
velocity
acceleration
18.
Displacement is a .......... quantity and distance is a ..................... quantity
19.
Define speed of body.
20.
What is the SI unit of displacement?
21.
A scotter starts from rest moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration and covers a distance of 64 m in 4s.
(i) Calculate its acceleration and its final velocity.
(ii) At what time the scooter had covered half the total distance?
1.
(a) Rest and motion are relative terms/
(b) Yes. An object may be at rest relative to one object and at the same time it may be in motion relative to another object.
(c) Moving.
2.
SI unit of speed is meter per second. The average speed of the body is given by
\({ v }_{ av }\quad =\frac { { v }_{ 1 }{ t }_{ 1 }+{ v }_{ 2 }{ t }_{ 2 } }{ { t }_{ 1 }+{ t }_{ 2 } } \)
Here, \({ v }_{ 1 }\)= 6 km/h, \({ t }_{ 1 }\)=2 h,\({ v }_{ 2 }\) = 4 km/h,\({ t }_{ 2 }\) = 3 h
\({ v }_{ av }\) = \(\frac { 6\times 2+4\times 3 }{ 2+3 } \)= 4.8 km/h
\(\therefore \)Total distance = \({ v }_{ 1 }{ t }_{ 1 }+{ v }_{ 2 }{ t }_{ 2 }\) = \(6\times 2+4\times 3\) = 24km
3.
Here u = 90 km/h = 90 x \(\frac { 5 }{ 18 } ms^{ -1 }=25ms^{ -1 }\)
a =-.0.5 m \(s^{ -2 }\),v = 0
As \(v^{ 2 }-u^{ 2 }=2as\)
\(\therefore 0^{ 2 }-25^{ 2 }=2X(-0.5)Xs\)
or \(s=\frac { 25x25 }{ 2x0.5 } \) = 625 m.
4.
(i) The body is moving with uniform velocity.
(ii) The body is moving with uniform velocity.
5.
(i) Uniform velocity: If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, however small these intervals may be in a given direction, its velocity is said to be 'uniform velocity' So in uniform velocity a body moves with uniform speed in a given direction, for example, light travels with a uniform velocity of 3-10 m/s through the vacuum.
(ii) Variable velocity When a body travels unequal distances intervals of time or its direction changes or both change its velocity is said to be 'variable velocity' for example a bus turning at a junction has variable velocity.
6.
Velocity. It is a physical quantity that gives both the speed and direction of motion of the body
Velocity of a body is defined as the displacement produced per unit of time. It is also defined as the speed of a body in a given direction.
Velocity = \(\frac { Displacement }{ Time } \)
If s is the distance traveled by a body in a given direction and t is the time taken to travel that distance, then the velocity v is given by
\(v=\frac { s }{ t } \)
The SI unit of velocity is \(ms^{ -1 }\).
7.
An object may be at rest relative to one surrounding object and at the same time it may be in motion relative to some other object For example a passanger sitting in a moving train is at rest relative to other passengers of his compartment.But since he is sharing the motion of the train.so he is in motion relative to the outside trees, lamp posts railway stations etc Thus,rest and motion are relative terms.
8.
Rest .A body is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surroundings.A table lying in a room is at rest with respect to the walls of the room.
Motion .A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to its surroundings Thus , motion means movement of bodies A car running on the road is in motion with respect to the lamp posts,trees or bus stop on the roadside.
9.
(a) Speed is defined as the distance travelled by a body per unit time.
(b) The SI unit of speed is m s-1
(c) Average speed is the total distance travelled by a body, divided by the total time taken to cover that distance.
(d) No, the average speed of an object can't be negative.
10.
Here u = 5 \(ms^{ -1 }\)
As the acceleration acts in the opposite direction of initial velocity so it is negative
a = -10 \(ms^{ -1 }\)
At the highest point v = 0
Using \(v^{ 2 }-u^{ 2 }=2as,\) we get
\(0^{ 2 }-5^{ 2 }=2x(-10)xs\)
\(s=\frac { 25 }{ 20 } =1.25m\)
Height attained by the stone = 1.25 m
Again v = u + at
0 = 5-10 x t
t = \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 } \) = 0.5s
Time is taken by the stone to reach the highest point = 0.5s
11.
Different types of Motions:
1.Translatory Motion When a body moves as a whole along a straight or curved path, it is said to be in translatory motion.It is again of two types:
(i) Rectilinear motion Here a body moves as a whole along a straight path.For example a train moving on straight rails has translatory rectilinear motion.
(ii) Curvilinear motion.Here a body moves as a whole along a curved path For example motion of a bicycle taking a turn along a curved path.
2.Rotatory motion.When a body rotates about a fixed point or axis , it has rotatory motion For example motion of a flywheel about a shaft.
3.Vibratory or oscillatory motion. When a body moves to and from about a mean position again and again it has vibratory or oscillatory motion For example the motion of the pendulum of a wall clock.
4.Complex motion. Sometimes ,the motion of a body may be a combination of more than one types of motion For example a ball rolling down an inclined plane has botth translatoruy and rotatory motions.
12.
(b)
square of the time of fall
13.
(c)
uniform acceleration
14.
(a)
\(s_{ 2 }=s_{ 1 }\)
15.
(c)
directly proportional
16.
(a)
18 s
17.
(d)
acceleration
18.
19.
( )
Speed of body is equal to total distance travelled by the body by the total time taken to travel that distance... its SI unit is kilometres per hour or miles per hour or metre per second.
20.
( )
The SI unit of displacement is meter (m).
21.
a = 8 \(ms^{ -2 }\),v = 32 \(ms^{ -1 }\)
(ii) t = \(2\sqrt { 2\quad s } \)
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