The radix of Decimal is 10, Binary is 2, Octal is 8 and Hexadecimal is 16

(i) Decimal Number system
(ii) Binary Number system
(iii) Octal Number system
(iv) Hexadecimal Number system

(28)₁₀ is a positive number. 1's complement represent signed numbers (Negative numbers) only. So, (28)₁₀ cannot find 1's complement.

∴ 46₁₀ - 101110₂

Step 1: Convert given Decimal number into Binary
Step 2: Check if the binary number contains 8 bits. if less add 0 at the left most bit, to make it as 8 bits.
Step 3: Invert all bits (i.e. Change 1 as 0 and 0 as 1).

The term data comes from the word datum, which means a raw fact. The data is a fact about people. places or some objects

(i) The term Decimal is derived from a Latin prefix decimal, which means ten.
(ii) The Decimal number system has ten digits ranging from 0-9.
(iii) Because this system has ten digits. It is also called as a base ten number system or denary number system.
(iv) A decimal number should always be written with a subscript 10

(365)₈ = 3 x 8² x 6 x 8¹ + 5 x 80
= 192 + 48 + 5 = (245)₁₀
(366)₈ = 3 x 8² + 6 x 8¹ + 6 x 8⁰
= 192 + 42 + 6 = (246)₁₀
(367)₈ = 3 x 8² + 6 x 8¹ + 7 x 8⁰
= 192 + 42 + 6 = (247)₁₀
In decimal form, the given sequence will be 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250.
To complete the sequence of Octal number, we need to find the octal equal of 248, 249 and 250.

(COFFEE)₁₆
\(\overset { C }{ \underset { 1100 }{ \downarrow } } \)\(\overset { O }{ \underset { 0000 }{ \downarrow } } \)\(\overset { F }{ \underset { 1111 }{ \downarrow } } \)\(\overset { F }{ \underset { 1111 }{ \downarrow } } \)\(\overset { E }{ \underset { 1110 }{ \downarrow } } \)\(\overset { E }{ \underset { 1110 }{ \downarrow } } \)
(COFFEE)₁₆  = (110000001111111111101110)₂

(i) ISCII is the system of handling the character of Indian local languages. This as a 8-bit coding system.
(ii) Therefore it can handle 256 (28) characters. This system is formulated by the department of Electronics in India in the year 1986-88 and recognized by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
(iii) Now this coding system is integrated with Unicode.

150₁₀ = (10010110)₂
10010110₂=?
                    
10010110₂ = 226₈

(i) There are only two digits in the Binary system, namely, 0 and 1.
The numbers in the binary system are represented to the base 2 and the positional multipliers are the powers of 2.
(ii) The left most bit in the binary number is called as the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and it has the largest positional weight.
(iii) The right most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and has the smallest positional weight.

(101.10)₁₆ in binary From 
= 1       0       1       1       0
0001  0000  0001  0001  0000
(101.10)₂ = (000100000001.00010000)₂
(101.10)₁₆  in Decimal Form
(101.10)₂  = 1 x 16² + x 16¹ + 1 x 16⁰ + 1 x 16^-1 + 0 x 16^-2
= 256 + 0 + 1 + 0.0625 + 0 =(275.0625)₁₀ 

Steps for Decimal to Binary Conversion.
Step 1: Divide the decimal number which is to be converted by two which is the base of the binary number.
Step 2: The remainder which is obtained from step 1 is the least significant bit of the new binary number.
Step 3: Divide. the quotient which is obtained from step 2 and the remainder obtained from this is the second least significant bit of the binary number
Step 4: Repeat the process until the quotient becomes zero.
Step 5: The last remainder obtained from the division is the most significant bit of the binary number. Hence, arrange the number from the most significant bit to the least significant bit (i.e., from bottom to top).