Prices of essential goods rose quickly.Wages were same .But as prices rose up by 20 % , workers could buy 20% less essential goods than before in the same wages

The Radicals

'Collective farms' were known as kolkhoz in Russia.

Liberals
(i) Liberals were one of the groups which looked to change society. They wanted a 'secular' nation which tolerated all religions.
(ii) They opposed religious discrimination and uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals.
(iii) They wanted a representative, elected Parliamentary Government and a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.
Radicals
(i) They wanted a government based on the majority of a country's population. They supported universal adult suffrage, including the vote for women.
(ii) Unlike liberals, they opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
(iii) They were not against the existence of private property, but opposed concentration of property in the hands of a few.
Conservatives
(i) They were opposed to liberals and radicals. They generally opposed the idea of change during the 18th century.
(ii) By the 19th century, they accepted that some change was inevitable, but believed it had to be brought about through a slow process.
(iii) They respected old or past traditions and customs.

(i) Patriotism: By shifting its loyalty to the revolutionaries, the Imperial Russian army did a great work. It showed that the welfare of the nation was of prime importance.
(ii) National integration: The Russian "army's action encouraged national integration.
(iii) Unity: The Russian soldiers were united and they began to support the revolutionaries unitedly.
(iv) Team work: Their action was based on team work

(i) Cooperation
(ii) Dignity of labour 
(iii) Brotherhood
(iv) Sharing
(v) Equality

In Russia, the war was initially popular and the policies of Tsar Nicholas II were supported by the people. The First World War on the Eastern front differed from that on the Western front. In the West, armies fought from trenches, but in the East, armies moved a good deal and fought battles leaving large casualties. Russia's army lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. There were over 7 million casual ties by 1917. As the German armies moved forward, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemy from living off the land. The situation discredited the Russian Government and the Tsar. The Russian soldiers did not wish to fight such a war.

1. Under the capitalist system individuals owned private property; while under the socilaists system, society as a whole or stste, controlled property.
2. Under rthe capitalist system, personal gain and private profit were the driving forces, while under the socialists, collective welfare and gain of those who made property productive were the guiding principles.

(i) The relationship between peasants and nobles in Russia was mostly based on mistrust and  suspicion.
(ii) Unlike France where the peasants respected and fought for the nobles. The peasants  were drawn by hunger for land because though serfdom was abolished in 1861, the condition of the peasants was miserable.
(iii) Small holdings, heavy redemption dues, lack of capital and outdated modes of farming  addedto their misery .
(iv) Peasants anger found vent in refusal to pay rent and violences .Sometimes thepeasants even murdered the landlords.

(i) On April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Lenin returned from exile to Russia.
(ii) In July 1917, demonstrations were held by the Bolsheviks against the Provisional Government led by Kerenskii.
(iii) Between July and September, peasants seized land from the rich landlords.
(iv) On October 16, 1917, Lenin persuaded the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party to agree to a 'Socialist Seizure of Power'. The date of the event was kept a secret.
(v) On 23rd Oct 1917, a Military Revolutionary Committee under Leon Trotskii organised the seizure. It was timed with the All Russian Congress of Soviet of Workers and Soldiers. The uprising began on 24th October. '
(vi) Provisional government under Kerenskii resisted. At dawn loyal milit~ men seized buildings of two Bolshevik newspapers, telephone, and telegraph offices and protected the Winter Palace. 
(vii) In a swift response, the Military Revolutionary Committee ordered its supporters to seize government officers and arrest ministers. The seizure was complete within a day. The Navy, the Ship Aurora shelled the Winter Palace played a significant role in the assault of the Winter Palace. Kerenskii however escaped.
(viii) At a meeting of the All Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd, the majority approved the Bolshevik action.
(ix) Uprising took place in other cities.
(x) There was heavy fighting-especially in Moscow-but by December (1917), the Bolsheviks controlled the Moscow Petrograd area.
(xi) The Bolshevik party was renamed the Russian Communist Party. In November 1917 in the elections conducted to the Constituent Assembly the Bolsheviks failed to gain majority support. Lenin dismissed the assembly and assumed leadership.
The most immediate effect of the October Revolution was that power passes into the hands of the Bolsheviks under Lenin. The revolution led to the establishment of the world's first communist regime.