When snaps the knee and cracks the
wrist….
Identify and explain the use of the literary device in this line.

Well, ego it might be pleased enough
But zealous athletes play so rough…
i. What pleases the ego?
ii. Why are athletes often rough during play?

‘Most of all, I want to relearn
How to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
Shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!’
a) Why does the poet want to relearn how to laugh?
b) Whom does the poet want to relearn from?
c) Mention the figure of speech used here.

‘But now they only laugh with their teeth,
While their ice-block-cold eyes…’
a) Who are ‘they’?
b) Explain ice-block-cold eyes
c) Identify the figure of speech used here.

If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature's holy plan.
a) What does 'heaven' refer to?
b) Why does the poet call it 'holy'?

And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there .....
a) What did the poet notice about the twigs?
b) What was the poet's thought about then?

And 'tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes......
a) What is the poet's faith?
b) What trait of Nature do we see here?

v. to unlearn all these muting things

iv. hands search my empty pockets

iii. like a fixed portrait smile

ii. shake hands without hearts

Why did K.C's words shock Sletherby?

Describe Honario Saltpen-Jago.

What caught his attention about the car door?

What was Sletherby's response to Bertie's request?

Compare the two crests

'There was a tinge of coldness in his voice.’ Why?

Describe Bertie's problem

Why did his travel companion curse and mutter?

How would Sletherby gain from his friendship with Honoria Saltpen-Jago?

Why did Philip Sletherby visit Brill Manor?

Why does the poet prefer to buy ticket worth their weight in radium? Bring out the significance of the metal referred to here.

Why would the referee ask whether there was a doctor in the stands? What stands is he referring to?

Are the athletes conscious of the feelings of others? Why do you say so?

The poet does not wish to exchange position with the runners. Why?

The poet is satisfied just watching the heroic deeds of others. What could be the reason?

Do you think the narrator is heroic? Why?

Why does the poet feel glad that he does not play any game?

i. laugh with their eyes

What did he give Bob?

Who was the tall man?

When and how did Bob realise that the tall man was not his friend?

Why did the friends part ways?

Describe the man awaiting the arrival of his friend.

What used to be there in the place of that shop twenty years ago?

What story did the man standing near the hardware store tell the passing cop?

Why were the streets devoid of people?

What did he keep doing while on his rounds?

Describe the appearance of the policeman on the beat.

Mention the qualities the child in the poem symbolises.

What does the poet long for?

How is the poet's laugh reflected in the mirror?

What does he desire to unlearn and relearn?

What pleasantries does the poet use to fake cordiality?

What does the poet mean when he says 'good bye'?

How does the poet compare his face with dresses?

Pick out the expressions that indicate conflicting ideas.

What happens to the poet when he visits someone for the third time?

What is the relationship between the narrator and the listener?

What do you associate with the title of the poem?

What is common about the 'angler' and the 'poet'?

Who are the citizens of 'dreamland'? Why?

What are the articles the writer forgets most often?

What does the author mean when he says the letter in his pocket leads an unadventurous life?

What is the commonest type of forgetfulness, according to lynd?

How do psychologists interpret forgetfulness?

Name a few things that a person remembers easily.

What does Lynd actually wonder at?

Bring out the poet's thoughts, while comparing Nature with human behaviour?

The poet finds joy in the various objects of Nature. Explain.

Why does the poet think that the birds were happy?

How do people bring grief and sorrow to one another?

Does Nature affect a person's thoughts and feelings? Explain

How does the poet feel while enjoying the beauty of Nature?

What was the happiest time of the day for grandmother?

Why didn't the grandmother feel sentimental when the author went abroad for higher education?

Why did the grandmother accompany the author to school?

Where did the author study in his childhood?

Why was the author left with his grandmother in the village?

Describe the grandfather as seen in the portrait.

What Man has made of Man?

And 'tis my faith that every flower. ..
Enjoys the air it breathes.

i. To her works did Nature link
ii. The human soul that through me ran…

What did she consider her greatest achievement? Why?

How was she felicitated on her return to India?

What difficulty did she experience while eating Chinese food?

What made her feel confident about the competitive players? Explain.

According to Mary Kom, what was the reason for her losing in the finals?

Why did she call herself 'lucky'?

What was her first impression of America?

Why did Mary Kom think that she should not return empty-handed?

How did Mary Kom manage to get the financial support for her trip to the USA?

Who do you think has been more successful between the two? Give reasons.

Why didn't Jimmy Wells, being a cop himself, arrest Bob?

Bob's life in the West was not a bed of roses. Give reasons.

How did the cop come to understand that Bob had been successful in the West?

Was Bob hopeful of his friend's arrival? How do you know?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of Jimmy Wells from Bob's point of view?

What did Bob share with the cop about their friendship?

What had really happened in the dentist's room?

Why do patients leave the clinic without meeting the dentist?

How did Woman 5 move ahead in the waiting list of patients?

Woman 5 was not aware of what was happening. Why?

Why did Woman 1 panic more than the others?

Why did they sympathize with the first patient?

Bring out the people's reaction to the noises from the surgery

What were the strange instruments the nurse carried to the surgery? How did the waiting patients interpret her act?

Are children afraid of visiting the dentist? Give reasons.

How did the other Women react to Woman 5?

How did Woman 5 spend her time in the waiting hall?

Who were the patients waiting for?

Narrate the plight of the baby on its day out.

What kind of absent-mindedness is regarded as a virtue by Lynd?

The list of articles lost in trains suggests that sportsmen have worse memories than their ordinary serious-minded fellows. Why does Lynd say this?

Why, according to Lynd, should taking medicines be one of the easiest actions to remember?

When does human memory work with less than its usual capacity?

What are our memories filled with?

What made people wonder about the absentmindedness of their fellow beings?

How did the grandmother spend the last few hours of her life?

The grandmother appreciated the value of education. Give instances in support of your answer.

How is school education in the village different from that in the city?

What was the daily routine of the grandmother at home?

Describe the author’s grandmother

Why was Mary Korn named the 'Queen of Boxing' and 'Magnificent Mary'?

Lack of adequate financial resources and sponsorships often affect sportspersons. How is this evident from Mary Korn's life?

Describe Mary Kom’s personal experiences during her first International Championship match from the time of selection to winning the medal.

Will you sympathise or ridicule someone who is intensely forgetful? Write an essay justifying your point of view.

Kahlil Gibran states 'Forgetfulness is a form of freedom'. Write an article for your school magazine, linking your ideas logically and giving appropriate examples

You have borrowed a branded cricket bat from your reluctant friend for an outstation match. After returning home you realize you have absent-mindedly left it in the hotel room. Write a letter of apology and regret to your friend.

Animals are capable of empathy. Substantiate this statement with examples from the story as well as your own experiences.

As young Khushwant Singh, write a letter to your parents describing your daily routine expressing your thoughts and feelings about staying in the village.

The grandmother played a vital role in the author’s formative years. Give your own example of how elders have a positive influence on the younger generation. Include examples from the story also.

The poem speaks of _______________
(i) Man's plan to shape destiny
(ii) Man seeking pleasure and riches
(iii) Man indulging in wars and acts of destruction
(iv) Man's fear of Nature

The poem is set in a _______________
(i) city
(ii) village
(iii) grove
(iv) park

The poet experiences sadness because ___________
(i) the blended notes are jarring
(ii) Nature is filled with negativity
(iii) he is worried about the destruction caused to Nature
(iv) natural calamities occur frequently

You are the School Pupil Leader. Mention some qualities that can be drawn from the field of sports to improve your leadership skills.

What sort of encouragement should an athlete in India be given? Give a few suggestions.

Would you like to exchange your place with someone else? Why / why not?

Everybody is special and everybody is a hero. Each one has a story to tell. In the light of this observation, present your views.

Why do accidents usually happen in the playground? Give your own examples and explain.

According to the poet what contributes most to the injuries sustained by the athletes?

The poet does not wish to exchange places with the athletes. How does he justify his view?

How does the poet establish the victory of common sense over ego?

'Face is the index of the mind.' Does this adage concur with the views of the poet?

This poem is nothing but a criticism of modern life. Justify this statement.

Explain the things the poet has learnt when he grew into an adult.

Write a letter to the Councillor of your Ward, explaining why a park is necessary in your locality.

When humanity fails to live in harmony with Nature, its effects are felt around the world. Why and how?

'Nature can nurture'. Describe how this process happens.

Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link with nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?

monotonous

scattered

serenity

protest

omitted

frivolous

moist

The chain that I presented to my sister was not made of gold; it was just__________ I am suffering from a sense of __________ (guilt / gilt)

The ________ dancer turned __________after the final performance. (weary/wiry)

The stranger ___________ for a few minutes before he ___________my house. (paused / passed)

Explain the ________ 'Cut your ___________according to your cloth'. (coat/quote)

When the pole vaulter cleared 28 __________ it was declared a record ____________ (feet/feat)

We found a ________ of biscuits in the old man's shirt _________ (pocket/packet)

You ring is _____________Do not _____________ it. (loose / lose)

Nobody can say __________ there will be an improvement in the ___________.
(whether / weather)

corps / corpse
a) The ___________ was covered with a shroud.
b) A five-day annual training camp for the senior cadets of the National Cadet ___________ has been organised.

through / threw
a) Ravi picked the banana peel and ___________ it in the dustbin.
b) The soldiers had to pass ___________ a dark tunnel.

pale / pail
a) The child looks very sick and ___________.
b) I need a ___________ of water to wash these cups

lesson / lessen
a) This medicine will ___________ your pain.
b) Finally, the manager learnt a ___________ the hard way.

bread / bred
a) Turtles should be ___________ in a healthy environment.
b) I like to have toasted ___________ for breakfast.

principle / principal
a) Oxygen is the ___________ element present in the earth’s crust.
b) Both these machines work on the same ___________.

waste / waist
a) Shivani wears a belt around her ___________.
b) We should never misuse or ___________natural resources.

brake / break
a) We have a short ___________ between the sessions
b) The car skidded to a halt when I applied the ___________.

Have you ever found yourself in such a situation? Discuss in groups and act out such a situation.

What would you do in this situation, if you were Jimmy Wells? Substantiate your reason.

To your shock, you find out that your close friend is indulging in some wrong activity. Will you avoid him/her or try to correct him/her? Give reasons for your answer.

‘Tell me who your friends are and I shall tell you who you are’. How will you explain this statement in the light of Jimmy’s and Bob’s friendship?

'Means should justify the end.’ Explain this adage with reference to O. Henry’s story.

Compare and contrast the character of Jimmy Wells and Bob with suitable references from the story to support your view.

'Seeing is believing'. How is this humorously disproved in this story? Bring out the irony in the situation.

As Sletherby, would you apologise to Bertie for your rude behaviour? Give reasons.

How did Sletherby's judgement of Bertie turn out to be a wrong one?

One has to be cautious and not be carried away by stories. How did Sletherby exhibit caution?

Describe the youth’s strange behaviour when he was in the train.

Based on your understanding of the play, explain how a mistaken understanding of events can lead to confusion. How has the author used this unexpected combination of events in the situation to create humour?

You are Mani/Megalai of class XI, President of the English Club of your school. Draft a speech of the topic ‘Reading Maketh a Complete Man’ to be delivered in the school assembly.

You are the School Pupil Leader. Your school organized an Inter-School Sports event at Nehru Stadium. Write a report on the special events conducted in about 100 - 120 words for the school souvenir.

REPORT WRITING
You have recently attended a seminar on 'Science and Literature' in which writers presented papers on Science Fiction and literature and focused on the creativity of young writers. Write a short report about it for a leading newspaper in about 100 - 120 words

Given below are hints about a renowned British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke. Write a biographical sketch on the author in not more than 80-100 words based on the information given below.

Explain the following phrases selected from the story in your own words and work with a partner to make sentences using these phrases:
a) on approval
b) a rustic holiday
c) a double-distilled idiot
d) a tinge of coldness
e) making up for lost time

Bear

File

Light

Wind

Tear

Train

Reeta hurried along the road, dressed in her __ (1)__ new dress towards the bus stop. Before __ (2)__ , she had to reach the house of her __ (3)__ . But the first __ (4)__ of her travel was slow due to traffic jam. Her __ (5)__ would be regarded with joy. She was __ (6)__ herself to reach the place. When she finally stepped into the __ (7)__ , she was received with a big hug by her kind aunt. She was in time to join the __ (8)__ at the village, for a __ (9)__ .

Complete the following dialogue between a doctor and a patient with ten sets of utterances for the following situation in which a person goes to a doctor for treatment. The doctor wishes to give him/ her an injection. The person is scared. The doctor convinces the patient and administers the injection. Now, in pairs, enact the dialogue in the classroom.

Work in groups of 4−6. Discuss how you would preserve the environment and protect Nature. One or two representatives may share their ideas with the class.

What scene in nature gives you pleasure? Talk for a minute describing a natural scene that gave you a lot of joy. What did you see, hear, smell or feel that gave you joy?

Your friend competes with you in academics and sports. Think of the situation wherein you would not be affected by his/her victory and the ways in which you would encourage your friend to succeed.

Tell the class about your ambition in life and the way you are working towards achieving your goal.

Is there a link between intelligence and absent-mindedness? Share your views on this subject.

‘Forgetfulness is the beginning of happiness.’ Do you agree or disagree? Discuss in the class.

You forget to wish your friend on his/her birthday. He gets very angry. How will you try to pacify him/her? Construct a dialogue of about 4 to 5 exchanges and enact a role play!

You are travelling in a train. When the Train Ticket Examiner enters your compartment, much to your shock, you realise you have forgotten to bring your train ticket. How will you handle the situation?

Every member contributes to forming a happy family. Share your views for a minute or two with your class.

Build a conversation of eight to ten sets of exchange, with your grandmother discussing the incidents that happened in your school that day.

Work in pairs and arrive at five points that bring out the benefits and challenges of living in either a nuclear family or a joint family. Share your views with your class.

The speaker says that while sitting in a (1)__________, his mind is filled with both (2)__________ and sad thoughts. He could associate himself with (3)__________. But he feels (4)__________ at the fact that human beings are exploiting Nature. The atmosphere around is (5)__________ and pleasant with flowers in the sweet (6)__________. The air is (7)__________ and everything seems to be happy. When Nature desires such (8)__________, it is only the irresponsible act of human beings that brings (9)__________ to other human beings and to Nature.

In the poem 'Confessions of a Born Spectator', Ogden Nash talks about how people choose different sports in their lives or decide to become athletes. While admiring the talents of athletes and sportsmen, the poet ____(i)____ that he is glad that he is neither a sportsman nor an athlete. Children have different _____(ii)______ and wish to play various games. Each child has in mind something in particular, but the narrator is ______(iii)______ he is not one of the players. Though the narrator ______(iv)______ the talent of all athletes, he derives satisfaction from watching them, but does not wish to _______(v)________ places with them. He also sometimes regrets that ______(vi)_______ athletes play rough games without caring for the feelings of their sporting rivals. He feels that good sense and caution win over ego. The narrator wholeheartedly offers _____(vii)_____ to the modest _______(viii)_______ of athletes. Ultimately the narrator is (ix) that he himself is not an athlete

The water should be boiled in a vessel. Then tea leaves and milk ____________(1)___________to the water. The vessel _________ (2)_________ with a lid. The tea ___________ (3)___________ and _____________ (4)____________ into the cups. Sugar ____________ (5)_____________ and __________ (6)____________ well. The tea _____________ (7)_____________hot.

A number of patients wait at the (1)______________ of a dentist's clinic. Everybody is tensed at the thought of a painful ______________ (2) being extracted. One of the women is bent on showing everyone her ______________ (3). After the arrival of the dentist, Joe, the tirst ____________ (4) is called in. Sometime later, the nurse comes out and goes in with a ______________ (5). Everyone is _______________ (6) at this, imagining Joe being subjected to a lot of hammering in the process of his tooth being pulled out. Once again the nurse comes out to fetch a large pair of ______________ (7) and later on she takes in a (8)______________. A little boy confesses that he pretended to have (9)_____________, because he did not wish to go to school. The loud _____________ (10) and screeching from within the room makes everyone leave the (11)______________ , one by one. Finally, there are only two women in the waiting room, one of them being Joe's wife. She weeps ____________ (12)___________ about her husband. But Joe comes out and explains that he had shifted his _______________ (13) ___________ to the evening and had been given some pills for the pain. After they leave, the dentist comes out and locates the key of his tool ____________(14)________________. He had been trying to open it using the hammer, the pliers and the hacksaw only in vain. The woman with the photographs is surprised to see that the ______________ (15) had moved quickly and she was the next patient to go in.

To Autumn
O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained
With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit
Beneath my ____________, there thou may’st rest,
And tune thy jolly voice to my ____________;
And all the daughters of the year shall dance!
Sing now the ____________ of fruits and flowers.
“The ____________ opens her beauties to
The sun, and love runs in her ____________;
Blossoms hang round the brows of morning, and
Flourish down the ____________ of modest eve,
Till clust’ring Summer breaks forth into singing,
And ____________ strew flowers round her head.
The spirits of the air live on the smells
Of fruit; and joy, with ____________, roves round
The gardens, or sits singing in the trees.”
Thus sang the ____________ as he sat,
Then rose girded himself, and o’er the bleak
Hills fled from our sight; but left his ____________.
-William Blake

The poet Okara in this narrative monologue painfully condemns the _____(a)____ displayed by adults, both in their words and actions. Here, a father laments to his son about the negative changes that creep into the attitude and behaviour of humans, when they grow into ______(b)_______. He says that people used to be _______(c)______ when they laugh and the honesty would be reflected in their eyes. But, people of modern times laugh ________(d)________ . Their handshakes used to be warm and happy conveying a sense of togetherness, but nowadays the handshakes have become a mere ________(e)_______. He warns his son that people are not trust-worthy and have become so selfish that they are concerned only about their own ________(f)_______ benefits.
People utter words of welcome and exchange ________(g)_______, but those words come only from the tip of their tongues and not from the depth of their hearts. Humans have learnt the art of changing their ______(h)______ expressions according to situations merely to ensure social acceptance. They wear ________(i)_______ and exhibit multiple faces. The narrator admits that he has also changed into a hypocrite. However, he tells his son that though he ______(j)_____ his expressions, he does all these against his will. He says he wants to become a ________(k)______ again and laugh genuinely. He wants to ________(l)______ the unreal things and _______(m)_____ how to laugh as he had done once upon a time. When he laughs before the _______(n)______, he sees no expression. His teeth are bare like that of the (o) of a snake. So, he asks his son to show him how to laugh the way he used to laugh, when he was a kid like him.

frivolous rebukes

accepted her seclusion with resignation

a turning point

an expanse of pure white serenity

the thought was almost revolting

necessary

finite

aware

regular

legitimate

decent

continue

obedient

agree

active

regular

comfortable

direct

rational

respect

fortunate

“Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale, puckered face, and her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayer.”
In the above sentence, the word ‘inaudible’ is formed by adding the prefix in- to the root/base word ‘audible’.
A prefix is a letter or a group of letters which is added to the beginning of a root word in order to modify it. Usually, the new word formed is the opposite of the given word.
In the above sentence, we also come across the word ‘constantly’. Here the suffix –ly is added to the root word ‘constant’.
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a root word. By adding suffixes, the grammatical function of the word changes.
Words that are derived or formed from the base word by adding prefixes and suffixes are called derivatives
Form two derivatives from each of the following words
e.g. honest- dishonest, honesty

slender woody shoots growing from branches or stems of trees

make out or understand

spread over the surface of ground in a straggling manner

connected together

Athletes, I'll drink to you,
Or eat with you
Or anything except compete with you...

They do not ever in their dealings
Consider one another's feelings...

I am just glad as glad can be
That I am not them, that they are not me…

I want to be what I used to be.

I have learned to wear my faces
Like dresses …

There will be no thrice.

Once upon a time, son
They used to laugh with their eyes:

Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of Man?

In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

plainclothes man:
i) a man who wears simple clothes for grand occasions
ii) a policeman in civilian clothes while on duty
iii) a cine artist in ordinary costumes

arm in arm:
i) with arms linked together
ii) with weapons in hands
iii) with handcuffs on wrists

a guardian of peace:
i) a watchman
ii) a holy man
iii) a policeman

on the beat:
i) moving around hitting every one with a stick
ii) on duty walking around the assigned area
iii) marching with his heart beating fast

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
‘Laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.’ How?

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
Given below is a set of activities. Which of these are followed in the ‘Laughter Yoga’ technique?
sitting on the ground with legs crossed
1. body movements
2. clapping
3. closed eyes
4. breathing exercises
5. chanting
6. stretching of arms and legs
7. bending backwards
8. running/jogging
9. eye contact

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
‘Laughter is the best medicine’. Explain.

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
Why do you think voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter?

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
Which word in the text (para 2) means the same as ‘dedicated’?

Now, read the following passage on “Laughter Therapy” and answer the questions that follow.
1. Laughing is an excellent way to reduce stress in our lives; it can help you to cope with and survive a stressful life. Laughter provides full-scale support for your muscles and unleashes a rush of stress busting endorphins. Since our body cannot distinguish between real and fake laughter, anything that makes you giggle will have a positive impact.
2. Laughter Therapy aims to get people laughing, in groups and individual sessions and can help reduce stress, make people and employees happier and more committed, as well as improve their interpersonal skills. This laughter comes from the body and not the mind.
3. Laughter Yoga (Hasya yoga) is a practice involving prolonged voluntary laughter. It aims to get people laughing in groups. It is practised in the early mornings in open-parks. It has been made popular as an exercise routine developed by Indian physician Madan Kataria, who writes about the practice in his 2002 book ‘Laugh for no reason’. Laughter Yoga is based on the belief that voluntary laughter provides the same physiological as well as psychological benefits as spontaneous laughter.
4. Laughter yoga session may start with gentle warm up techniques which include stretching, chanting, clapping, eye contact and body movements to help break down inhibitions and encourage a sense of playfulness. Moreover, laughter is the best medicine. Breathing exercises are used to prepare the lungs for laughter followed by a series of laughter exercises that combine a method of acting and visualization techniques. Twenty minutes of laughter is sufficient to augment physiological development.
5. A handful of small scale scientific studies have indicated that laughter yoga has some medically beneficial effects, including cardiovascular health and mood. This therapy has proved to be good for depressed patients. This laughter therapy also plays a crucial role in social bonding.
How does laughter help one to cope with stress?

Do you read general books and novels? Do you buy them or borrow them from a library? When you go to a library, you will see different genres of books. Libraries classify books following the Dewey decimal system or the Library of Congress System. The important sections of a library are:
(i) The Reference section where Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Yearbooks, Atlases, and Gazetteers are kept; (ii) The Stack where all books except those in the reference “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read-only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” Francis Bacon “Of Studies” section are kept; (iii) The Journal Section where journals, both current and back issues are kept; (iv) The Electronic section where computers, xerox machines (reprography), DVDs and CDs are kept. Most libraries have an online catalogue of holdings (e.g) books, journals, electronic publications, and audio-visual materials) available with them. An online catalogue is a list of the materials available in the library, and this list can be accessed through the computer. You can make use of the online catalogue to locate books and other materials. The most common ways of locating a book are by (i) author’s name (ii) title (iii) subject. If you type the author’s name, e.g. Shakespeare, William, the computer produces a list of all works written by Shakespeare that are available in that library. Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Nonfiction includes Narratives Nonfiction, Essays, Biography, Autobiography, etc. Fiction includes Drama, Poetry, Fantasy, Humour, Fables, Science fiction, Short Story, etc. Now, read the following biographical extract on Sujatha Rangarajan, a Sciencefiction writer, and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sujatha is the allonym of the Tamil author S. Rangarajan and it is this name that is recognized at once by the Tamil Sci-Fi reading community. You might have heard of Chitti and his extraordinary exhibition of different qualities in an incredible manner. The robot could excel a human being in any act beyond one’s imagination. Jeeno, a robotic dog which appeared in Sujatha’s science fiction novel “En Iniya Iyandhira” (My Dear Robot) formed the basis of Chitti’s character. Like Chitti, Jeeno was an all-rounder who could cook, clean and fight. Very high tech computer technology terms are used in the story. Jeeno, a pet robot, plays an important role throughout the story. As the story proceeds, it behaves and starts to think on its own like a human and instructs Nila, a human being, on how to carry on further. 2. In the preface of ‘En Iniya Iyandhira’, the writer states the reason for his attraction to the genre: “Science gives us the wonderful freedom to analyze thousands and thousands of alternative possibilities. While using it, and while playing with its new games, a writer needs to be cautious only about one thing. The story should draw some parallels or association from the emotions and desires of the present humankind. Only then it becomes interesting. Jeeno, the robot dog, was intelligent. But the character became popular only because of the robot’s frequently displayed human tendencies. It is no wonder that his works echo these words about him and will reflect in the minds of the readers who enjoy reading his novels to have a lifetime experience. 3. It was Sujatha, who set the trend in sci-fi stories. He had tracked the origin from Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein to his short stories. He has written 50 sci-fi short stories published in various Tamil magazines. His stories have inspired many readers to extend their reading to English sci-fi writers like Isaac Asimov. The themes were bold even if there was a dependence on very well - established characterisation of English fiction. Sujatha opened up a new world to us with his writings on holograms, computers and works like ‘En Iniya Iyanthira’, inspire many to study computer science. 4. He has been a great writer for more than four decades. He combined reasoning and science in his writings. Being a multifaceted hi-fi and sci-fi humanistic author, he expressed his views distinctively. He was the one who took Tamil novels to the next level. As an MIT alumnus and an engineer at BHEL, he was very good at technology. So, he narrated sci-fi stories impressively. His readers always enjoyed reading all his detective and sci-fi novels which featured the most famous duo Ganesh and Vasanth. 5. Sujatha has played a crucial role as a playwright for various Tamil movies which have fascinated movie lovers. Hence, it is fathomable that the writer’s perspective of future India enthuses every reader and paves a new way to reading sci-fi stories in English.
i) difficult to believe (para 1)
ii) a style or category of art, music or literature (para 2)
iii) having many sides (para 4)
iv) capable of being understood (para 5)

Do you read general books and novels? Do you buy them or borrow them from a library? When you go to a library, you will see different genres of books. Libraries classify books following the Dewey decimal system or the Library of Congress System. The important sections of a library are:
(i) The Reference section where Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Yearbooks, Atlases, and Gazetteers are kept; (ii) The Stack where all books except those in the reference “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read-only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” Francis Bacon “Of Studies” section are kept; (iii) The Journal Section where journals, both current and back issues are kept; (iv) The Electronic section where computers, xerox machines (reprography), DVDs and CDs are kept. Most libraries have an online catalogue of holdings (e.g) books, journals, electronic publications, and audio-visual materials) available with them. An online catalogue is a list of the materials available in the library, and this list can be accessed through the computer. You can make use of the online catalogue to locate books and other materials. The most common ways of locating a book are by (i) author’s name (ii) title (iii) subject. If you type the author’s name, e.g. Shakespeare, William, the computer produces a list of all works written by Shakespeare that are available in that library. Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Nonfiction includes Narratives Nonfiction, Essays, Biography, Autobiography, etc. Fiction includes Drama, Poetry, Fantasy, Humour, Fables, Science fiction, Short Story, etc. Now, read the following biographical extract on Sujatha Rangarajan, a Sciencefiction writer, and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sujatha is the allonym of the Tamil author S. Rangarajan and it is this name that is recognized at once by the Tamil Sci-Fi reading community. You might have heard of Chitti and his extraordinary exhibition of different qualities in an incredible manner. The robot could excel a human being in any act beyond one’s imagination. Jeeno, a robotic dog which appeared in Sujatha’s science fiction novel “En Iniya Iyandhira” (My Dear Robot) formed the basis of Chitti’s character. Like Chitti, Jeeno was an all-rounder who could cook, clean and fight. Very high tech computer technology terms are used in the story. Jeeno, a pet robot, plays an important role throughout the story. As the story proceeds, it behaves and starts to think on its own like a human and instructs Nila, a human being, on how to carry on further. 2. In the preface of ‘En Iniya Iyandhira’, the writer states the reason for his attraction to the genre: “Science gives us the wonderful freedom to analyze thousands and thousands of alternative possibilities. While using it, and while playing with its new games, a writer needs to be cautious only about one thing. The story should draw some parallels or association from the emotions and desires of the present humankind. Only then it becomes interesting. Jeeno, the robot dog, was intelligent. But the character became popular only because of the robot’s frequently displayed human tendencies. It is no wonder that his works echo these words about him and will reflect in the minds of the readers who enjoy reading his novels to have a lifetime experience. 3. It was Sujatha, who set the trend in sci-fi stories. He had tracked the origin from Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein to his short stories. He has written 50 sci-fi short stories published in various Tamil magazines. His stories have inspired many readers to extend their reading to English sci-fi writers like Isaac Asimov. The themes were bold even if there was a dependence on very well - established characterisation of English fiction. Sujatha opened up a new world to us with his writings on holograms, computers and works like ‘En Iniya Iyanthira’, inspire many to study computer science. 4. He has been a great writer for more than four decades. He combined reasoning and science in his writings. Being a multifaceted hi-fi and sci-fi humanistic author, he expressed his views distinctively. He was the one who took Tamil novels to the next level. As an MIT alumnus and an engineer at BHEL, he was very good at technology. So, he narrated sci-fi stories impressively. His readers always enjoyed reading all his detective and sci-fi novels which featured the most famous duo Ganesh and Vasanth. 5. Sujatha has played a crucial role as a playwright for various Tamil movies which have fascinated movie lovers. Hence, it is fathomable that the writer’s perspective of future India enthuses every reader and paves a new way to reading sci-fi stories in English.
Why were Sujatha's sci-fi stories impressive?

Do you read general books and novels? Do you buy them or borrow them from a library? When you go to a library, you will see different genres of books. Libraries classify books following the Dewey decimal system or the Library of Congress System. The important sections of a library are:
(i) The Reference section where Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Yearbooks, Atlases, and Gazetteers are kept; (ii) The Stack where all books except those in the reference “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read-only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” Francis Bacon “Of Studies” section are kept; (iii) The Journal Section where journals, both current and back issues are kept; (iv) The Electronic section where computers, xerox machines (reprography), DVDs and CDs are kept. Most libraries have an online catalogue of holdings (e.g) books, journals, electronic publications, and audio-visual materials) available with them. An online catalogue is a list of the materials available in the library, and this list can be accessed through the computer. You can make use of the online catalogue to locate books and other materials. The most common ways of locating a book are by (i) author’s name (ii) title (iii) subject. If you type the author’s name, e.g. Shakespeare, William, the computer produces a list of all works written by Shakespeare that are available in that library. Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Nonfiction includes Narratives Nonfiction, Essays, Biography, Autobiography, etc. Fiction includes Drama, Poetry, Fantasy, Humour, Fables, Science fiction, Short Story, etc. Now, read the following biographical extract on Sujatha Rangarajan, a Sciencefiction writer, and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sujatha is the allonym of the Tamil author S. Rangarajan and it is this name that is recognized at once by the Tamil Sci-Fi reading community. You might have heard of Chitti and his extraordinary exhibition of different qualities in an incredible manner. The robot could excel a human being in any act beyond one’s imagination. Jeeno, a robotic dog which appeared in Sujatha’s science fiction novel “En Iniya Iyandhira” (My Dear Robot) formed the basis of Chitti’s character. Like Chitti, Jeeno was an all-rounder who could cook, clean and fight. Very high tech computer technology terms are used in the story. Jeeno, a pet robot, plays an important role throughout the story. As the story proceeds, it behaves and starts to think on its own like a human and instructs Nila, a human being, on how to carry on further. 2. In the preface of ‘En Iniya Iyandhira’, the writer states the reason for his attraction to the genre: “Science gives us the wonderful freedom to analyze thousands and thousands of alternative possibilities. While using it, and while playing with its new games, a writer needs to be cautious only about one thing. The story should draw some parallels or association from the emotions and desires of the present humankind. Only then it becomes interesting. Jeeno, the robot dog, was intelligent. But the character became popular only because of the robot’s frequently displayed human tendencies. It is no wonder that his works echo these words about him and will reflect in the minds of the readers who enjoy reading his novels to have a lifetime experience. 3. It was Sujatha, who set the trend in sci-fi stories. He had tracked the origin from Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein to his short stories. He has written 50 sci-fi short stories published in various Tamil magazines. His stories have inspired many readers to extend their reading to English sci-fi writers like Isaac Asimov. The themes were bold even if there was a dependence on very well - established characterisation of English fiction. Sujatha opened up a new world to us with his writings on holograms, computers and works like ‘En Iniya Iyanthira’, inspire many to study computer science. 4. He has been a great writer for more than four decades. He combined reasoning and science in his writings. Being a multifaceted hi-fi and sci-fi humanistic author, he expressed his views distinctively. He was the one who took Tamil novels to the next level. As an MIT alumnus and an engineer at BHEL, he was very good at technology. So, he narrated sci-fi stories impressively. His readers always enjoyed reading all his detective and sci-fi novels which featured the most famous duo Ganesh and Vasanth. 5. Sujatha has played a crucial role as a playwright for various Tamil movies which have fascinated movie lovers. Hence, it is fathomable that the writer’s perspective of future India enthuses every reader and paves a new way to reading sci-fi stories in English.
What inspired Sujatha's themes?

Do you read general books and novels? Do you buy them or borrow them from a library? When you go to a library, you will see different genres of books. Libraries classify books following the Dewey decimal system or the Library of Congress System. The important sections of a library are:
(i) The Reference section where Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Yearbooks, Atlases, and Gazetteers are kept; (ii) The Stack where all books except those in the reference “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read-only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” Francis Bacon “Of Studies” section are kept; (iii) The Journal Section where journals, both current and back issues are kept; (iv) The Electronic section where computers, xerox machines (reprography), DVDs and CDs are kept. Most libraries have an online catalogue of holdings (e.g) books, journals, electronic publications, and audio-visual materials) available with them. An online catalogue is a list of the materials available in the library, and this list can be accessed through the computer. You can make use of the online catalogue to locate books and other materials. The most common ways of locating a book are by (i) author’s name (ii) title (iii) subject. If you type the author’s name, e.g. Shakespeare, William, the computer produces a list of all works written by Shakespeare that are available in that library. Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Nonfiction includes Narratives Nonfiction, Essays, Biography, Autobiography, etc. Fiction includes Drama, Poetry, Fantasy, Humour, Fables, Science fiction, Short Story, etc. Now, read the following biographical extract on Sujatha Rangarajan, a Sciencefiction writer, and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sujatha is the allonym of the Tamil author S. Rangarajan and it is this name that is recognized at once by the Tamil Sci-Fi reading community. You might have heard of Chitti and his extraordinary exhibition of different qualities in an incredible manner. The robot could excel a human being in any act beyond one’s imagination. Jeeno, a robotic dog which appeared in Sujatha’s science fiction novel “En Iniya Iyandhira” (My Dear Robot) formed the basis of Chitti’s character. Like Chitti, Jeeno was an all-rounder who could cook, clean and fight. Very high tech computer technology terms are used in the story. Jeeno, a pet robot, plays an important role throughout the story. As the story proceeds, it behaves and starts to think on its own like a human and instructs Nila, a human being, on how to carry on further. 2. In the preface of ‘En Iniya Iyandhira’, the writer states the reason for his attraction to the genre: “Science gives us the wonderful freedom to analyze thousands and thousands of alternative possibilities. While using it, and while playing with its new games, a writer needs to be cautious only about one thing. The story should draw some parallels or association from the emotions and desires of the present humankind. Only then it becomes interesting. Jeeno, the robot dog, was intelligent. But the character became popular only because of the robot’s frequently displayed human tendencies. It is no wonder that his works echo these words about him and will reflect in the minds of the readers who enjoy reading his novels to have a lifetime experience. 3. It was Sujatha, who set the trend in sci-fi stories. He had tracked the origin from Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein to his short stories. He has written 50 sci-fi short stories published in various Tamil magazines. His stories have inspired many readers to extend their reading to English sci-fi writers like Isaac Asimov. The themes were bold even if there was a dependence on very well - established characterisation of English fiction. Sujatha opened up a new world to us with his writings on holograms, computers and works like ‘En Iniya Iyanthira’, inspire many to study computer science. 4. He has been a great writer for more than four decades. He combined reasoning and science in his writings. Being a multifaceted hi-fi and sci-fi humanistic author, he expressed his views distinctively. He was the one who took Tamil novels to the next level. As an MIT alumnus and an engineer at BHEL, he was very good at technology. So, he narrated sci-fi stories impressively. His readers always enjoyed reading all his detective and sci-fi novels which featured the most famous duo Ganesh and Vasanth. 5. Sujatha has played a crucial role as a playwright for various Tamil movies which have fascinated movie lovers. Hence, it is fathomable that the writer’s perspective of future India enthuses every reader and paves a new way to reading sci-fi stories in English.
What precaution should one take while writing Science fiction stories?

Do you read general books and novels? Do you buy them or borrow them from a library? When you go to a library, you will see different genres of books. Libraries classify books following the Dewey decimal system or the Library of Congress System. The important sections of a library are:
(i) The Reference section where Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Yearbooks, Atlases, and Gazetteers are kept; (ii) The Stack where all books except those in the reference “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” Francis Bacon “Of Studies” section are kept; (iii) The Journal Section where journals, both current and back issues are kept; (iv) The Electronic section where computers, xerox machines (reprography), DVDs and CDs are kept. Most libraries have an online catalogue of holdings (e.g) books, journals, electronic publications and audio-visual materials) available with them. An online catalogue is a list of the materials available in the library, and this list can be accessed through the computer. You can make use of the online catalogue to locate books and other materials. The most common ways of locating a book are by (i) author’s name (ii) title (iii) subject. If you type the author’s name, e.g. Shakespeare, William, the computer produces a list of all works written by Shakespeare that are available in that library. Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Nonfiction includes Narratives Nonfiction, Essays, Biography, Autobiography etc. Fiction includes Drama, Poetry, Fantasy, Humour, Fables, Science fiction, Short Story etc. Now, read the following biographical extract on Sujatha Rangarajan, a Sciencefiction writer, and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sujatha is the allonym of the Tamil author S. Rangarajan and it is this name that is recognized at once by the Tamil Sci-Fi reading community. You might have heard of Chitti and his extraordinary exhibition of different qualities in an incredible manner. The robot could excel a human being in any act beyond one’s imagination. Jeeno, a robotic dog which appeared in Sujatha’s science fiction novel “En Iniya Iyandhira” (My Dear Robot) formed the basis of Chitti’s character. Like Chitti, Jeeno was an all-rounder who could cook, clean and fight. Very high tech computer technology terms are used in the story. Jeeno, a pet robot, plays an important role throughout the story. As the story proceeds, it behaves and starts to think on its own like a human and instructs Nila, a human being, on how to carry on further. 2. In the preface of ‘En Iniya Iyandhira’, the writer states the reason for his attraction to the genre: “Science gives us the wonderful freedom to analyze thousands and thousands of alternative possibilities. While using it, and while playing with its new games, a writer needs to be cautious only about one thing. The story should draw some parallels or association from the emotions and desires of the present humankind. Only then it becomes interesting. Jeeno, the robot dog, was intelligent. But the character became popular only because of the robot’s frequently displayed human tendencies. It is no wonder that his works echo these words about him and will reflect in the minds of the readers who enjoy reading his novels to have a lifetime experience. 3. It was Sujatha, who set the trend in sci-fi stories. He had tracked the origin from Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein to his short stories. He has written 50 sci-fi short stories published in various Tamil magazines. His stories have inspired many readers to extend their reading to English sci-fi writers like Isaac Asimov. The themes were bold even if there was a dependence on very well - established characterisation of English fiction. Sujatha opened up a new world to us with his writings on holograms, computers and works like ‘En Iniya Iyanthira’, inspire many to study computer science. 4. He has been a great writer for more than four decades. He combined reasoning and science in his writings. Being a multifaceted hi-fi and sci-fi humanistic author, he expressed his views distinctively. He was the one who took Tamil novels to the next level. As an MIT alumnus and an engineer at BHEL, he was very good at technology. So, he narrated sci-fi stories impressively. His readers always enjoyed reading all his detective and sci-fi novels which featured the most famous duo Ganesh and Vasanth. 5. Sujatha has played a crucial role as a playwright for various Tamil movies which have fascinated movie lovers. Hence, it is fathomable that the writer’s perspective of future India enthuses every reader and paves a new way to reading sci-fi stories in English.
How was Jeeno different from other robots?

Rare plants / find / in this valley.

English / speak / all over the world.

The clerk / transfer / to Trichy / yesterday.

The experiments / have / be / stop / due to power failure.

Metals / replace / plastics.

Trees / cut down / last week.

Gas stoves / distribute / to people / last month.

Financial aid / give / to people / next month.

This dam / build / in 1960.

One thousand connections / give / in / May.

Write the process of wrapping a Christmas gift in a paragraph in passive form, with the help of the pictures given below.

Here is a recipe to make chocolate cake in a pressure cooker. Rewrite the instructions in passive voice. The first one has been done for you.

12 INJURED AS BUSES COLLIDE
About ___________ at the Dindigul bus terminus here today.

NEET CLASSES TO BEGIN ON SEPT 20^TH
The Centre co-ordinator informed the candidates ___________Sept. 20th.

Look at the newspaper items given below. Use the information in the headlines to complete the sentence. Look at the newspaper items given below. Use the information in the headlines to complete the sentence.
HEAVY RAINS LASH CHENNAI
____________ threw normal life out of gear.

Indian Airlines / set up / 1953

First passenger train / inaugurated / India /1853

Chattisgarah / form / 2000

IIM Ahmedabad / establish / 1961

Make sentences using the passive forms of the verbs.
Tagore / award / Nobel prize

The team was trained by the coach.

Let the door not be slammed.

A house is being constructed by them

May God bless you with happiness!

Who wrote this complaint?

Magdalene is singing the prayer

Mohan has completed the course.

Change the voice of the following sentences.
Mohammed follows the rules.

The bananas were eaten by the monkey.

Identify the changes in these pairs of active and passive constructions.
The pilot flew the airplane to Bengaluru.

square off: Facing each other at the beginning of a match.

below the belt: Hits below the beltline are generally considered illegal in boxing

on the ropes: Boxing rings are typically enclosed by four ropes. As a boxer when your opponent has forced you against the ropes with his/her attack, you are in trouble.

in our corner: In a boxing match, the comers are the two opposite angles of a boxing ring where the boxers rest between rounds.

throw in the towel: Wet towels are kept near a boxing ring to wipe the sweat of boxers between rounds. When a boxer was getting badly beaten, his manager would throw a towel in the ring to end the fight.

INDIA BEAT PAKISTAN TO WIN BLIND CRICKET WORLD CUP
Chasing a huge target of 308 runs, India romped home in the penultimate over of the match to defeat Pakistan and win the Blind Cricket World Cup. India started off their chase in a cracking manner, but had lost two quick wickets. Sunil Ramesh rose to the occasion as he played a great knock to help India beat Pakistan and had scored 93 runs. Earlier India won the toss and had decided to bowl first. Pakistan amassed a huge score of 307 for eight in 40 overs. Their openers had given them a brisk start which the later batsmen capitalized on.

"And now tell me how Laura is. The old model was quite interested in her." "You don’t mean to say you talked to him about her?" said Hughie. "Certainly I did. He knows all about the relentless colonel, the lovely Laura, and the £10,000." "You told that old beggar all my private affairs?" cried Hughie, looking very red and angry. "My dear Alan," cried Hughie, "I shall probably find him waiting for me when I go home."

That night he strolled into the Palette Club about eleven o’clock, and found Trevor sitting by himself in the long room. “Well, Alan, did you get the picture finished all right? ” he said, as he lit his cigarette. “Finished and framed, my boy!” answered Trevor, “and by-the-bye, you have made a conquest. That old model you saw is quite devoted to you. I had to tell him all about you — who you are, where you live, what your income is, what prospects you have.”

Unless one is upright there is no use in being a charming fellow. Sometimes it is better to be honest than attractive. These are the great truths of modern life which Shyam never realised. He never said an ill-natured word in his life. He was always polite and spoke softly to everybody.

The Prime Minister (leave) for America to meet the delegates tomorrow.

She always (make) excuses for coming late.

We (hear) a lot of noise because the new buildings (transmit) sound vacant.

They firmly (believe) in the existence of God.

At the moment they (wait) at the busstop. But I (not know) their plans for the journey.

He (is) likely to miss the train. He (run) up to the station.

I (like) to spend time with my friend, whenever I (be) free.

Either of these (is, are) suitable.

Everybody (enjoy, enjoys) a good song.

Our team (is, are) the best.

The committee (decide, decides) when to adjourn.

Measles (is, are) very serious.

A lady with ten cats (live, lives) in that big house.

One of the cookies (is, are) missing

My classmates (study, studies) before a test.

Ravi (doesn't, don't) like sports.

The girl and her sisters (watch, watches) television everyday.

Games and sports helps in recreation. Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling is eagerly watched by millions of fans all over a world. It helps one got a temporary relief from the tensions of a day. The dedication displayed by all player in the field indicates the mental and spiritual development of the player.

Rajan slowly settle down in his retired life. His pension plus what his wife bring from the household work she does helped them to meet their requirements. Life is easy until one Sunday. His granddaughter Madhu come crying. The clay doll in her hand had broken into two. Rajan pacify her and promise to mend it. This small repair work become the founding stone of a very prosperous venture into making clay dolls which earn him great respect.

Where does the deer and the antelope play? One place is Yellowstone National Park. It were created in 1872. Parts of the park is in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. The park are a safe place for many animals. Bears, moose, buffalo, deer and antelope lives there. Beavers, otters, fish and eagles also enjoys the park. For them, Yellowstone is ‘home sweet home.’

Read the poem once again. Identify the rhyme scheme and pick out the rhyming pairs of words

They do not ever in their dealings .......

For this most modest physiques…

Find out the rhyme scheme of the given stanza.
One infant grows up and becomes a jockey
Another plays basketball or hockey
This one the prize ring hates to enter
That one becomes a tackle or center…

Philip Sletherby was travelling by train to Brill Manor.
a. The young man introduced himself as Bertie, the son of Saltpen Jago.
b. Bertie needed three pounds desperately and asked Sletherby to lend it to him.
c. All the time Sletherby was gazing at the door panel of the car, on which were the two crests – a demi-lion and a greyhound courant.
d. He was received by Claude People. K.C., who had kept on talking about various things.
e. Bertie had left his purse behind, after sealing an envelope with the crest on the purse.
f. Bertie stated that it was the Jago crest. He further added that his mother’s hair was dark brown similar to his.
g. While describing the appearance of Honario Saltpen-Jago, K.C. referred to her altered hairstyle.
h. Sletherby realized that Bertie had not lied to him, but that he had mistaken him for a fraud.
i. He explained that the Saltpen crest was that of a demi-lion.
j. Sletherby sat dumbstruck on learning that Mrs. Honario Saltpen Jago had changed her dark brown hair to a blonde, just five weeks ago.
k. Sletherby pointed out to him that his mother’s letter had a greyhound courant crest.
l. His companion in the train was a young man who was searching for something frantically.
m. Suspecting foul play, Sletherby did not give him any money, as he knew Mrs. Saltpen-Jago was a blonde.

Kabbadi is called by different names in different parts of India. Do you know how Pallankuzhi is called in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala?

Can a player be revived when he/she is out of the game? Explain your answer

When does a raider concede a point to the opponent team?

How does a raider score points for his team?

Across
2. We fought _________ the measure.(7)
7. The cat jumped _________ the table.(4)
9. The cat climbed _________ the tree.(2)
10. My story is shorter _________ yours.(4)
11. Cats are _________ dogs.(6)
13. Put the cookie _________ the jar.(2)
14. Let’s walk _________ the park.(7)
16. The vegetables were planted ________ the apple tree.(6)
17. Banu sings _________ a bird.(4)
18. My story is _________ my pets.(5)
19. Subash is the president _________ our class.(2)
20. We live _________ the river.(2)
21. Let’s walk _________ class together.(4)
22. The bank is _________ the park.(8)
23. We live _________ the city limits.(6)
25. I saw John waving _________ the crowd.(5)
28. I am more cautious _________ the fall.(5)
29. I have a present _________ you.(3)
31. We strolled _________ the river.(5)
32. He ran _________ us.(7)
33. The leaves had collected _______ the trees(7)
Down
1. I put the book _______ the table.(4)
2. Please treat us _______ equals.(2)
3. Desert will be served _______ dinner. (5)
4. My house is _______ the school.(4)
5. We walked _______ the store.(2)
6. No eating _______ class.(6)
8. The book fell _______ my desk.(3)
11. I will not leave _______ the speech is finished.(5)
12. The store is open everyday _______ Sunday.(3)
15. The dog is _______ the house.(7)
16. The cat is hiding _______ my bed.(5)
19. The cat jumped _______ the dog.(4)
20. He is hiding _______ the bookcase.(6)
22. Dinner is _______ the table.(2)
24. I put my hands _______ my Pockets.(6)
26. We will eat _______ the play.(6)
27. The cat is sleeping _______ the bed.(5)
29. This letter is _______ my aunt.(4)
30. We ran _______ the other kids.(4)

Represent the other paragraphs in a visual form of your choice.(flow chart, mind-map, pie-chart etc.)

Read and understand the data presented in the pie-chart below on factors affecting health, and write an article for your school magazine highlighting the fact that it’s our lifestyle that determines how healthy we remain. Write your article in about 150 words. Give a suitable title too.

The factors which affect health are given percentage-wise in the pie-chart.

Do you know what happened to the Titanic, the largest ship to sail then? She hit an iceberg and sank into the Atlantic Ocean. Now choose the right word and complete the paragraph. Read the paragraph aloud.
The wreck __ (1)__ (up/of) the RMS Titanic lies ___ (2)___ (in/at) a depth of___ (3)___ (about! above) 12,500 feet about 370 miles southeast___ (4)___ (of/off) the coast of Newfoundland. It lies ___(5)___ (inion) two main pieces about, a third ___ (6)___ (of/off) a mile apart. The bow is still largely recognizable ___ (7)___ (with/within) many preserved interiors, despite the damage it sustained hitting the sea floor. A debris field ___ (8)_ (of/for) the wreck contains thousands ___ (9)___ (on/of) items spilled ___ (10)___ (from/of) the ship as it sank. She sank___(11)___ (in/at) the year 1912.

Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with suitable prepositions and read the paragraph aloud for better understanding of the use of prepositions.
Mr. Beek of New Jersey has invented a floating life-preserver, which gives complete protection ____ (1)____ people who have been shipwrecked. The upper section is large enough ____ (2)____ the wearer to be able to move his head and arms ____ (3)___, and a month's supply ____ (4)____ food and drinking water can also be stored ____ (5)____ it. The cover can be closed in rough weather, and the wearer can see ____ (6)____ the window in the front, and breathe ____ (7)____ a curved pipe. The life preserver is made ____ (8)____ water proof cloth attached ____ (9)____ circular metal tubes, which protect the wearer____ (10)____ sharp rocks and hungry fish.

Read the following passage adapted from 'Three Menin a Boat' and fill in the blanks with appropriate modals and read the paragraph aloud.
I thought I will go to British Museum today to read the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch. I _ (1)_ read all I wanted to read and then felt I _ (2)_ begin to study diseases. I started to generally turn the leaves idly. I came to typhoid fever, read the symptoms and discovered I _ (3)_ be having it for months without knowing it. Cholera, I had severe complications. Diphtheria, I _ (4)_ have been born with. I was relieved to find that Bright's disease I had only in a modified form as so far as that was concerned, I _ (5)_live for years. The only disease I _ (6)_ conclude I had not got was a housemaid's knee. I sat and pondered. I tried to feel my heart. I _ (7)_ (not feel) my heart. I walked into the reading room as a happy healthy man but crawled out as decrepit wreck.

In our family, we have planned to take children to zoo next Sunday. Van has been arranged and we are sure to have comfortable journey. Zoo is interesting place for children who enjoy watching animals and want to know more about them. Even youngsters love to visit zoo.

atm without security guard to close

card license to replace paper driving license

telephone customers to get video phone

municipal elections in december

You are the School Pupil Leader. Your school organised an Inter-School Sports event at Nehru Stadium. Write a report on the special events conducted in 100-120 words for the school souvenir.

You have recently attended a seminar on ‘Science and Literature’ in which writers presented papers on Science Fiction and Literature and focused on the creativity of young writers. Write a short report about it for a leading newspaper in about 100-120 words.

To Autumn
O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained
With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit
Beneath my ____________, there thou may’st rest,
And tune thy jolly voice to my ____________;
And all the daughters of the year shall dance!
Sing now the ____________ of fruits and flowers.
“The ____________ opens her beauties to
The sun, and love runs in her ____________;
Blossoms hang round the brows of morning, and
Flourish down the ____________ of modest eve,
Till clust’ring Summer breaks forth into singing,
And ____________ strew flowers round her head.
The spirits of the air live on the smells
Of fruit; and joy, with ____________, roves round
The gardens, or sits singing in the trees.”
Thus sang the ____________ as he sat,
Then rose, girded himself, and o’er the bleak
Hills fled from our sight; but left his ____________.
William Blake