Biological classification is a dynamic and ever-evolving phenomenon which keeps changing with our understanding of life forms. Justify the statements by taking any two examples.

(i) Why does the interior of bacterial cell appear simple and granular?
(ii) Which components make cell envelope of bacterial cell?
(iii) What gives gummy or sticky trait to bacterial cells and if it is not essential for survival, what are its functions?

In which organisms heterocyst is present? Mention two features of heterocysts. Which features make it suitable for nitrogen-fixation?

Name the following
(i) A poisonous mushroom having white spores
(ii) Edible Basidiomycetes
(iii) Fungus used in brewing industry
(iv) It is searched by trained pets
(v) Root-like, cards-like hyphal masses having a distinct growing point.
(vi) Non-motile meiospores develop in Basidiomycetes
(vii) Compact groups of hyphae produced to overcome unfavourable conditions.

Explain the following in terms of mycorrhizal association.
(i) Growth promotion
(ii) Antimicrobial substance
(iii) Nourishment
(iv) Adverse environment
(v) Absorption of water