Some of the properties of tissues are not the properties of constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.

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A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what key the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?

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Biological classification is a dynamic and ever-evolving phenomenon which keeps changing with our understanding of life forms. Justify the statements by taking any two examples.

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(i) Why does the interior of bacterial cell appear simple and granular?
(ii) Which components make cell envelope of bacterial cell?
(iii) What gives gummy or sticky trait to bacterial cells and if it is not essential for survival, what are its functions?

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In which organisms heterocyst is present? Mention two features of heterocysts. Which features make it suitable for nitrogen-fixation?

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What role does vascular plants play in keeping the earth green? Which features help them to dominate the earth?

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Why is Ginkgo Biloba called a living fossil? Explain how is it useful for horticulturists. What are its important features? Why horticulturists prefer to grow only male plants?

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Diagrammatically show the types of symmetry in animals.

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Write the description of gynoecium in various plants.

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What is the concept of metabolism? What are the metabolic basis for living?

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Explain why a pair of homologous chromosomes is genetically different, but a pair of sister chromatids is genetically identical before crossing over in meiosis.

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Hydroponics have been shown to be a successful technique for growing of plants, yet most of the crops are still grown on land. Why?

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What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.

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Name the following
(i) A poisonous mushroom having white spores
(ii) Edible Basidiomycetes
(iii) Fungus used in brewing industry
(iv) It is searched by trained pets
(v) Root-like, cards-like hyphal masses having a distinct growing point.
(vi) Non-motile meiospores develop in Basidiomycetes
(vii) Compact groups of hyphae produced to overcome unfavourable conditions.

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Explain the following in terms of mycorrhizal association.
(i) Growth promotion
(ii) Antimicrobial substance
(iii) Nourishment
(iv) Adverse environment
(v) Absorption of water

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Is there a species or region specific type of plastids? How does one distinguish one from the other?

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As a result of intestinal disease, parts of the alimentary canal are sometimes surgically removed. Discuss the effect of this removal on lifestyle and digestive function.
(i) Stomach
(ii) Colon

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Give answer for the following.
(i) Female pelvis is larger and has a broader front than male pelvis. Why?
(ii) Name the different curves of vertebral column.
(iii) What is a seasmoid bone? Name it.
(iv) Which bones have become modified to form ear ossicles?

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Explain the following by giving scientific reasons
(i) Hypothalamus and pituitary function as an integrated and coordinated system.
(ii) Body growth is greatly accelerated at puberty in males.

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Hypothalamus is a super master endocrine gland. Elaborate.

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