In Opuntia the stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves. Write some other examples of modification of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis.

2

(a)

Tendrils of grapevine are homologous to tensrils of pumpkin, but analogous to those of pea.Justify the above statement

2

(a)

Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves, while in monocot levaes venation is of parallel type. Biology being a science of exceptions, find out any exception to this generalisation.

2

(a)

You have heard about several insectivorous plant that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. What part of the plant is modified into a 'pitcher'. How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesisie like any other green plant?

2

(a)

Differentiate between pedical and peduncle.

2

(a)