What do we call the type of teeth attachment in which each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bones?

1

(a)

The codont dentition.

Give the dental formula of human beings.

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(a)

The dental formula of human beings is \(\frac { 2123 }{ 2123 } \) x 2.

Mention the name of different types of teeth and their number in an adult human.

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(a)

An adult human has 32 permanent teeth, which are of four different types (heterodont dentition), i.e., incisors(I), Canine (C), Premolars (pm) and molars (M) and their numbers are 4, 2, 4, 6, respectively.

During swallowing of food, the windpipe are closed by a flap-like structure. Identify it.

1

(a)

Epiglottis is a flap-like structure, that closes the windpipe during swallowing of food.

Name the sphincter present in a form of muscular ring in digestive tract that regulates the opening of esophagus into stomach.

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(a)

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter.

In which portion of alimentary canal does esophagus open?

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(a)

Oesophagus opens into the stomach.

Out of the three types of salivary glands, which one is situated in the upper palate on either side of cheek?

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(a)

Parotid glands (a type of salivary glands) is situated in the upper palate on either side of the cheek.

Give the name of the enzymes involved in the breakdown of nucleotides into sugars and bases?

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(a)

Nucleosidases break nucleotides into sugar and bases.

Mention the important functioning of peristalsis movement that occurs throughout the alimentary canal.

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(a)

It is due to these waves of contraction of the circular muscle that passes along the stomach and oesophagus that the food is pushed into the relaxed portion.

Mention the constituent of food that bile help to digest and absorb

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(a)

Fat is digested by bile juice and pancreatic lipases

Explain the terms thecodont and diphyodont.

2

(a)

Explain the phenomenon of absorption of water in body of an organism

2

(a)

Mention the modification or structural features of ileum, which make it suitable for absorption of nutrients.

2

(a)

Name the part of the alimentary canal, where major absorption of digested food takes place.What are the absorbed forms of different kinds of food materials? 

2

(a)

Describe the enzymatic action on fats in the duodenum.

2

(a)

Explain the process of digestion in the buccal cavity.

3

(a)

Distinguish between constipation and indigestion.Mention their major causes.

3

(a)

Describe the accessory digestive glands in human.

3

(a)

Explain the action of different enzymes in succus entericus.

3

(a)

What would happen if for some reason goblet cells become non-functional. Why are these important for digestive system?

3

(a)

Name of the largest gland present in human body. Describe its role in digestion of food.

5

(a)

Discuss the main steps in the digestion of proteins as the food passes through different parts of the alimentary canal.

5

(a)

How are the activities of gastrointestinal tract regulated?

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(a)