The species diversity of plants (22 per cent) is much less than that of animals (72 per cent). What could be the explanations to how animals achieved greater diversification?

Write a critical note on the following:
(i) Hotspots of biodiversity.
(ii) Ex-situ conservation.
(iii) India's effort in biodiversity

What is EI Nino effect? Explain how it accounts for biodiversity loss.

On a log scale, species area relationship becomes linear and can be represented by equation logS = logC + z logA. What is represented by S, z,a & c in this equation. What is the average value of Z-line irrespective of the taxonomic group or the region? The z value for frugivorous birds and mammals in the tropical forests of different continents is found to be 1.15. Why is it so?

Ecologists believe that communities with more species tend to be more stable than  those with less species. What attributes are taken into account while defining a stable community. Mention the observation of David Tilman ecological experiments using outdoor plots.

Categorize the followings statement into narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical reason:-
i) Every species in biodiversity has an intrinsic value even if it not of value to us.
ii) Human beings device a number of economic benefits like food, fiber etc from biodiversity.
iii) Biodiversity provides ecosystem services which can not be given price tag. Justify your categorization also.

Conservation of bio-diversity is a collective responsibility of all nations. Mention the steps taken by various countries in this direction.

Loss of key species that drive major ecosystem functions is the most serious threat to species diversity found in any ecosystem. How is it explained by Paul Ehalich through the "rivet popper hypothesis" analogy.

Alien species are threat to native species. Justify

Study-1. A forest that is rich in biodiversity seems to decline in animal population. The government declared it as a biodiversity hotspot and the forest regained its species richness in few years. Study-2. A lake that is rich in marine fishes seems to decline in its species population due to overexploitation. A wise man in the area decided to worship the lake. The species population f the lake again became normal.
(a) Which values are been promoted in the above studies.
(b) Suggest some ways by which you can contribute to this concern.
(c) What would be the effect if the forest was not declared hotspot?