Differentiate between properties or characteristics of three states of matter.

A silver ornament of mass m gram is polished with gold equivalent to 1% of the mass of silver. Compute the ratio of the number of atoms of gold and silver in the ornament.

Verify by calculating that
(i) 5 moles of CO₂ and 5 moles of H₂O do not have the same mass.Atomic mass of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are 12 u, 16 u, 14 u respectively.
(ii) 240 g of calcium and 240 g magnesium elements have a mole number ratio of 3 : 5.Atomic mass of calcium and magnesium are 40 u and 24 u respectively.

Describe the role played by the lysosomes in the cell. Why are these termed as suicidal bags? How do they perform their function?

On a 100 km track , a train travels the first 30 km at a uniform speed of 30 km \(h^{ -1 }\)How fast must the train travel the next 70 km so as to average 40 km \(h^{ -1 }\) for the entire trip?

(i) At some moment, two giant planets jupiter and saturn of the solar system are in the same line as seen from the earth. Find the total gravitational force due to them on a person of mass 50 kg on the earth. Could the force due to the planets be important?
Mass of the jupiter = 2 x 10²⁷ kg
Mass of the saturn = 6 x 10²⁶ kg
Distance of jupiter from the earth
= 6.3x 10¹¹ m
Distance of saturn from the earth
= 1.28 x 1012m
Gravitational constant,
G = 6.67 x 10^-11N -m² /kg²
Acceleration due to gravity on the earth
=9.8 m/s²
(ii) A bag of sugar weighs w at a certain place on the equator. If this bag is taken to Antarctica, then will it weigh the same or more or less. Give a reason for your answer.

(i) Prove that, if the earth attracts two bodies placed at the same distance from the centre of the earth with equal force, then their masses will be the same.
(ii) Mathematically express the acceleration due to gravity in terms of mass of the earth and radius of the earth.
(iii) Why is G called a universal constant?

Two objects of masses m₁ and m₂ having the same size are dropped simultaneously from heights h₁and h_2' respectively. Find out the ratio of time they would take in reaching the ground. Will this ratio remain the same, if
(i) one of the objects is hollow and the other one is solid and
(ii) both of them are hollow, size remaining the same in each case? Give reason.

(i) Enlist two forces which act on a body when it is immersed in a liquid. State the condition for a body require to float or sink in a liquid.
(ii) Why does an iron nail sink and a piece of wood floats? Explain, how?

(i) A battery lights a bulb.Describe the energy changes involved in the process.
(ii) Calculate the amount of work needed to stop a car of 500 kg moving at a speed of 36 kmh^-1.