Nomadic pastoralists are people who

1

(a)

live in one place

(b)

move from one area to another

(c)

move from one place to another with their to earn a living

(d)

Gonds, Dhurwas, and Bhatros are some nomadic pastoralists of India

The cyclical movement of the mountain pastoralists is defined by

1

(a)

cold and snow

(b)

dry season

(c)

onset of monsoons

(d)

prospects of trade

Dhangars are pastoralists of

1

(a)

Jammu and Kashmir

(b)

Garhwal

(c)

U.P hills

(d)

Maharashtra

Pastoralists sustain by

1

(a)

herding

(b)

cultivation

(c)

trade

(d)

all of these

Which of the following animals are reared by the Kurumas and Kurubas?

1

(a)

Camels and buffaloes

(b)

Goats and camels

(c)

Sheep and buffaloes

(d)

Sheep and goats

What was the tax imposed by the colonist on the pastoralists?

1

(a)

Land tax

(b)

Canal water tax

(c)

Grazing tax

(d)

Salt tax

Protected forests were

1

(a)

forests which produced commercially viable timber

(b)

access to these forests was prohibited

(c)

pastoralists were granted grazing rights in these forests without preconditions

(d)

customary rights were granted to pastoralists subject to serve restrictions on their movements

Colonial state regarded grazing land as

1

(a)

wasteland

(b)

habitat of wild

(c)

woodland

(d)

reserved land

Which of the following led to serious shortage of pastures?

1

(a)

Grazing land taken over for ploughing

(b)

Excess vegetation growth

(c)

Easy movement

(d)

Increase in number of cattle

Environmentalist believe

1

(a)

Pastoralism is unsustainable way to life.

(b)

Pastoralism is ecologically most viable form of life in difficult terrain

(c)

Pastoralists contribute to soil erosion

(d)

The number of cattle should be reduced

Samburu National Park is in

1

(a)

Kenya

(b)

Tanzania

(c)

South Africa

(d)

Egypt

Why did feeding the cattle become a persistent problem for the Maasaia?

1

(a)

Because Maasai were confined to a small area

(b)

Because continuous grazing in small area deteriorated the quality of pasture

(c)

Because the Maasai lived in an arid area without grass

(d)

Because Maasai began to cultivate pastoral land

Which one of the following is an African pastoral community?

1

(a)

Gollas

(b)

Kurumas

(c)

Raikas

(d)

Maasai

Colonial government began imposing restrictions on mobility of African pastoralists from

1

(a)

Early 19th century

(b)

Mid 19th century

(c)

Late 19th Century

(d)

Early 20th Century

Which of the following is true regarding nomadism:

1

(a)

Droughts affect life of pastoralists

(b)

Nomadism allows pastoralists to survive bad times

(c)

Nomadism allows pastoralists to survive bad times

(d)

All of the above

Who among the Maasai society defended the community?

1

(a)

Elders

(b)

Youngsters

(c)

Warriors

(d)

Adults

Administrative measure introduced by the British to manage affairs of the Maasai

1

(a)

Elders and warriors were given extra authority

(b)

Raiding and warfare was encouraged

(c)

Chiefs of different Maasai sub-groups were appointed

(d)

Chiefs were discourages from accumulating wealth

Pastoralists are:

1

(a)

Relics of the past

(b)

They have no place in the modern world

(c)

It is an unsustainable way of life

(d)

It is sustainable way of life in difficult terrain.

Mention one significant feature of livelihood practices of the nomadic pastoralists.

4

(a)

Explain the annual cycle of the seasonal movement of the Gaddis.

4

(a)

What was the Grazing Act?

4

(a)

Who were Banjaras? Describe the life of Banjaras.

4

(a)

When was the Criminal Tribes Act passed?

4

(a)

What are the occupations of pastoral communities?

4

(a)

Give any one change that occurred in the Maasai society during colonial rule.

4

(a)

Describe the measures adopted by the British to administer the affairs of the Maasai. How did these measures benefit the chiefs appointed by the colonial government?

4

(a)