There is an organization in most traditional form of public sector enterprises which are established by the departments of the ministry and are considered part or an extension of ministry itself. It is not autonomous or independent legal institution. It acts through the government.
(a) Which type of organization is being referred to in above lines?
(b) Explain any two merits of this organization?
(c) Explain any two demerits of this organization?

In an organization, there are 51% shares are owned by central government. It has a separate legal entity and it is established under the Indian Companies Act, 2013 and is registered and governed by the provisions of Indian Companies Act, 2013. It is established for purely business purposes and compete with the companies in private sector in true spirit.
(a) Identify the form of organization being referred to in above lines.
(b) Explain any two merits of this form of organization.
(c) Explain any two demerits of this form of organization.
(d) Give two examples of this form of organization.

It is an organization which is a public enterprise. It came into existence by a special Act of the parliament. Its powers and functions, rules and regulations governing its employees and its relationship with government departments are defined by the ActJ statute. It is a corporate body created by the legislature with defined powers and functions and is financially independent. It has a clear control over a particular type of commercial activity or a specified area. It has a separate legal entity, i.e. in the eyes of law, it is a different person.
(a) Identify the form of organization being referred to in above lines.
(b) Explain any two merits of this form of organization.
(c) Explain any two demerits of this form of organization.
(d) Give two examples of this form of organization.

Anjana and Babita are best friends. Both of them are commerce students. Anjana tells Babita that all government undertakings have common features and all organizations under Public Sector enjoys same merits and demerits. Babita tells Anjana that it is not true. There are many forms of Public Sector undertaking and each form has its own merits and demerits.
(a) Who of the two is right?
(b) Name different forms of organizations in public sector.
(c) Give three points of difference in these forms of organizations.

Public sector has a concern for social welfare and private sector has an advantage of innovation and efficiency. Private sector is crazy for profit and public sector is lacking efficiency. In this situation, it is really a problem which form of organization is suitable.
(a) Is there any form of organization which combines benefits of both? Identify and name it.
(b) Give two merits of this type of organization
(c) Give two demerits of this type of organization.

Sanjay has just completed his MBA. His father is a businessman. He suggests Sanjay also do his own business. But he claims that starting and operating a business in his age was different from now. These days there is stiff competition and consumer is the king in the market. Many other aspects of business have also changed. His father claims that things have changed but they had different kind of challenges like too many government intervention and paper formalities, lack of technology, non-availability of infrastructural facilities etc. But running a business was a challenge and still is a challenge.
(a) In the light of above discussion, which era do you think Sanjay and his father belonging to?
(b) How has business environment changed in these two eras?

In India, many multinational companies are operative but majority of them are producing goods and services for richer section. They are least bothered for weaker section of the society. In many cases they are producing goods like pedigree in a country where 26 million human beings sleep without food, resources are being allocated for production of dog food. Therefore, it seems that production should be given in the hands of Indian companies which understand Indian priorities and allocate resources accordingly.
In the light of above facts, discuss merits and demerits of multinational companies.