AIET Medical 2021 Chemistry Syllabus

D.Y.Patil University All India Entrance Test ( AIET ) For Medical Entrance Examination Syllabus for  chemistry - 2015

Atomic Structure and Nature of Chemical Bond

i. Introduction, electronic theory of valency, limitations.

ii. VB. Theory-postulates, overlapping of atomic orbitals.

a. S-S in H2 molecule

b. P-P in halogen molecule

c. S-P in Hexmolecule

iii. The concept of hybrid orbitals and geometry of molecules

a. Tetrahedral (SP3) hybridisation in CH4, NH3, H2O

b. Trigonal hybridisation (SP2) in BF3, and C2H4

c. Diagonal hybridisation (SP)in BeF, and C2H2

iv. Bond Energy –Average Bond energy, factors affecting bond energy.

v. The uncertainty principle, orbitals and Quantum numbers shapes of orbitals, Electronic configuration of atoms.

Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics

i. Introduction

ii. Concepts in Thermodyanamics -System, isolated, closed and open system, Homogenous and heterogeneous system, Thermodynamic equilibrium nature and type of processes, isothermal and adiabatic processes, reversible and irreversible processes.

iii. Nature of work and heat, units of energy and work in thermodynamics, work of pressure, volume, maximum work in reversible isothermal process, simple numerical problems.

iv. First law of Thermodynamics –Relation between mass and energy, internal energy, change in internal energy and mathematical deduction of the first law of Thermodyanamics. q = E +W, Simple numerical problems Second law of Thermodynamics: Entropy, free energy, spontaneity of a chemical reaction, free energy change and chemical equilibrium, free energy as energy available for useful work.

v. Enthalpy (H) of a system, change in enthalpy, mathematical derivation, numerical problem and conversion of H related to endothermic and exothermic reaction.

vi. Thermochemistry Endothermic and exothermic reaction, heat of reaction, heat of neutralization, Heat of formation H = [H (Product) – H (Reactant)], effect of temperature on heat of reaction (Kirchoff’s equation), numerical problem.

vii. Internal energy and change in internal energy.

viii. Hess’s Law of const. heat summation-definition and explanation

ix. H = rHI + H2 + H3+ - Numerical problem of Hess’s Law Electrochemistry

i. Introduction

ii. Electrolysis, electrolytic cells.

iii. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, simple numerical problem.

iv. Electrochemical cells-Construction, working of simple voltaic cell (Daniel Cell), convention used in S the representation of galvanic cell, use of salt bridge, types of electrodes, hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode and measurement of electrode potentials

v. Concept of electrode potential- electronation and de electronation (Nerst Theory), S.D.P. and e.m.f. of a cell e.m.f. series, its applications, simple numerical problems on e.m.f. of cell

vi. Common types of cells-Dry cell, lead accumulator.

Ionic Equilibrium

i. Introduction

ii. Arrhenius theory of acids and bases

iii. Lowry and Bronsted concepts of acids and bases

iv. Lewis concept of acids and bases

v. Strong and weak acid and bases, degree of dissociation, dissociation constant, Ostwald dilution formula. Simple problems.

vi. Ionisation of water, Ionic product of water( Kw).

vii. H ion concentration, pH and pOH – pH + pOH =14 numerical problems.

viii. Commonion effects, Buffer solution, Mechanism of buffer action, solubility product its application numerical problems on solubility product.

ix. Hydrolysis of salts, Hydrolysis constant, Relation between hydrolysis constant and dissociation constant.

Asorption and Colloids

i. Introduction

ii. Adsorption as a surface phenomenon, difference in types of adsorption and absorption, factors affecting adsorption, types of adsorption.

iii. Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm, Applications in water purification, catalyst, adsorption indicate and chromatography

iv. Colloids – Introduction, colloidal state of matter disperse phase, dispersion medium, few examples colloidal solutions.

v. Preparation of colloidal solutions:

a. Dispersion method (electrical and mechanical)

b. Condensation methods (Oxidation and reduction) Properties of colloidal solutions, general properties, optical properties, mechanical, electrical properties, (electrophoresis and electroosmosis) coagulation.

vi. Gels- Definition, example, types, properties and uses.

vii. Emulsion- Definition , examples, types (DIW, W/0) properties and uses

viii. Application of colloids – food, medicine, sewage, precipitation of smoke.

Nuclear and Radiochemistry

i. Introduction

ii. Characteristics of nucleons, mass number, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.

iii. Nuclear stability, mass defect, binding energy, average binding energy, simple numerical problems on binding energy.

iv. Radioactivity- Radioactive decay, nature of radiations, radioactive disintegration constant, half life period, mathematical derivation for the decay constant – and halflife (t1/2), simple numerical problems, Artificia radioactivity and artificial transmutation of elements.

v. Nuclear reactions. Radio isotopes and their uses – carbon dating, production of synthetic elements, medicine, agriculture.

Chemistry of Third Row Elements

i. Introduction

ii. Position of third row elements in periodic table.

iii. Electronic Configuration

iv. Periodic trend – reducing and oxidizing characters, ionization potential; electropositive and electronegative character and hence metallic and non metallic character

v. Nature of bonding in crystal lattice.

vi. Explanation of properties of metallic solids – conductivity, metallic luster, malleability, ductility.

vii. Acidic and basic character of oxides and hydroxy compounds of third row elements. Hydrogen -Position in periodic table, isotopes, properties, reaction and uses. Oxygen –Position in periodic table, preparation, reaction uses, ozone. Water and hydrogen peroxide structure of Water molecule, Physical and chemical properties of water, hard and soft water. Hydrogen peroxides – Preparation, properties, structure and uses. Nitrogen-Preparation, Properties, uses, compounds of nitrogen.

Fluorine and Hydrogen Fluoride

i. Introduction

ii. Position of halogens in periodic table, electronic configuration; general principles of halogens

iii. Fluorine – Occurrence, preparation, properties, reaction and uses.

iv. Hydrogen- fluoride and hydrofluoric acid – preparation, properties, reactions and uses.

Silicon:

i. Introduction

ii. Position of silicon in periodic table, electronic configuration

iii. Silicon- occurrence, preparation, properties and uses

iv. Silicates, structure of simple silicates, nature of Si-O bond, tetrahedral geometry of Si04 units in silicates. Halogen

Derivatives of Alkanes

i. Introduction

ii. Classification, Mono, di, tri and tetrahalogen derivatives of alkanes

iii. Monohalogen derivaties (alkyl halides)

a. Nomenclature –Trivial and I.U.P.A.C. system

b. Preparation

Halogenation of alkanes Addition of Hx to alkanes

Action of P and PXs to Sod2 on alcohols

(Ethyl bromide C2H5Br to be taken as a representative member)

iv. Reactions of alkyl halides

a. Substitution reactions with :Alkalies, KCN, Ammonia, Sodium alkoxide, R-C00Ag

b. Wurtz reaction

c. Formation of Grignards reagent

d. Elimination –Action of alcoholic KOH

v . a. Introduction of Homolytic and heterolytic fission

Explanation of fission taking compound A-B

1. A-B0A+B Homolytic

2. A-B0A+B-Heterolytic

b. Types of reagents

1. Electrophillic with suitable examples

2. Nucleuophillic with suitable examples

c. Mobility of electrons in single and double bonds

1. Inductive effect

2. Electromeric effect

vi. SN1 and SN2 reaction mechanism:

a. Mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide (SN2 mechanism)

b. Alkaline hydrolysis oft-Butyl bromide (SN1 mechanism) vii. Optical activity:

Following points are to be emphasized: Polarisation of light by Nicol prism Asymmetric carbon atom  Optically active (compounds, definition with example of lactic acid (Dextro, Laevo and Racemic forms) Optically activity of 2 –chlorobutane to be discussed on the following points Presence of asymmetric Carbon atom Two non-superimposable mirror image structures A mixture and its optical inactivity.

viii. Dihalogen Derivatives: Preparation of C2 H4Cl2 Two isomers

a. Ethylene dichloride

b. Ethylidene chloride

Preparation of ethylene dichloride by

a. Addition of Cl2 to ethene.

b. Ethylene glycol and PCl5

Preparation of ethylidene chloride from

a. Acetaledehyde and PCl5

b. Acetylene and HCl

ix . Trihalogen Derivatives of CH4 :

Preparation of chloroform and Iodoform General physical and chemical properties

a. Reduction

b. Oxidation

c. Hydrolysis

d. Carbylamine reaction

e. Action of HNO3

Organic Hydroxy Compounds

i. Introduction

Alcohols –introduction –classification Nomenclature-

1. Trivial system

2. I.U.P.A.C. system Preparation method Hydrolysis of alkyl halides

Hydration of Alkene by acid Reduction of Aldehydes and ketones by

a. Catalytic method using Nickel

b. Na-Hg / H2O Properties and Reactions:

General Physical and Chemical Properties Reaction with

a. Na, Hx, PCB, PCl5

b. Dehydration

c. Oxidation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

ii. Phenols : Aromatic hydroxyl compounds – Phenol as a representative compound

a. Chlorobenzene

b. Benzene Sulphonic acid

c. Cumene

iii Physical properties and chemical reactions

a. Halogenation,

b. Nitration

c. Sulphonation

Distinction between alcohol and phenol, uses of phenol, Aldehydes and Ketones:

i. Introduction

ii. Preparation

Oxidation of alcohols Hydrolysis of gemdihalides From Grignard reagent, From calcium salt of acids

iii. Reactions :

a. Addition to Carbonyl compounds HCN, NaHC03, NH3,Grignard’s reagent

b. Condensation reactions – (NH20H), C6H5NHNH2

c. Aldol condensation, Acetaldehyde with dil. alkali, similar reactions with ketones.

d. Cannizzaro’s reaction –Action of conc. Na0H on formaldehyde. e. Reduction of Aldyhydes and Ketones, catalytic hydrogenation. f. Reducing properties of Aldehydes Fehling solution, Tollen’s reagent, Schiff’s reagent

Acids and Esters

i. Introduction

ii. Preparation (acids)

a. Oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehyde.

b. Hydrolysis of alkyl cyanides

c. Grignard reagent and C02 iii. Reactions

a. Acidic properties

b. Antyride formation by using P205

c. Ester formation iv.

Amide formation

v. Esters

a. Introduction

b. Preparation: Acid and alcohol, Alcohol and acid anhydride Alcohol and Acid chloride Alkylhalide and Ag-salt of acid

c. Reaction of ethyl acetate Hydrolysis with acid and alkali Action of Grignard reagent Uses of esters

Ethers

i. Introduction

ii. Definition: Classification, simple and mixed ethers Preparations:

a. Williamson’s synthesis

b. Continuous etherification process

c. Alcohol and Diazomethane

iii Physical and chemical properties:

a. Action of HI on simple and mixed ethers in cold and hot

b. Hydrolysis by dil.H2S04 uses of diethyl ether

Amines

i. Introduction

ii. Definition: Classification –Nomenclature

iii. Preparation

a. Haloalkanes and Ammonia

b. Reduction of Oxime, nitriles and nitroalkanes. iv. Properties: Physical and chemical

a. Basic nature on the basis of Lewis concept

b. Acetylation by acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride

c. Action of HNO2 on primary, secondary and tertiary amines

d. Methylation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines yielding quaternary ammonium salts.

Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

i. Introduction

ii. Carbohydrates: Classification, mono, di and polysaccharide, preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch.

iii. Proteins: Classification, simple, conjugated and derived proteins. Hydrolysis of proteins to produce amino acids peptide linkage Colour tests : 1) Biuret test, 2) Millon’s test

iv. Fats and Oils: Glycerol –as a trihydroxy alcohol, fatty acid Esters of glycerol with fatty acids Saponification, Hydrogenation.

Synthetic Fibres

i. Introduction

ii. Definition of fibres: Classification as –natural and artificial fibres

iii. Preparation: properties and uses of Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Terylene, teflon, PVC, Polystyrene.

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