AIET Engineering 2021 Chemistry Syllabus

D.Y.Patil University All India Entrance Test ( AIET )Entrance Examination syllabus for Chemistry – 2014

Atomic Structure and Nature of Chemical Bonds

i. Introduction, electronic theory of valency, limitations:

ii. VB. Theory- postulates, overlapping of atomic orbitals.

a. S- S in H2 molecule

b. P- P in halogen molecule

c. S- P in Hexmolecule

iii The concept of hybrid orbitals and geometry of molecules

a. Tetrahedral (SP3) hybridization in CH4, Nh3, H2O

b. Trigonal hybridization (SP2) in BF3, and C2H4

c. Diagonal hybridization (SP) in Bef, and C2H2

iii. Bond Energy – Average Bond energy, factors affecting bond energy The uncertainty principle, orbitals and Quantum numbers shapes of orbitals, Electronic  configuration of atoms.

iv. Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics

Introduction

Concepts in Thermodynamics- System, isolated, closed and open system, Homogeneous and heterogeneous system Thermodynamic equilibrium, nature and type of processes, isothermal and adiabatic processes, reversible and irreversible processes.

Nature of work and heat, units of energy and work in thermodynamics, work of pressure, volume, maximum work in reversible isothermal process, simple numerical problems.

First law of Thermodynamics- Relation between mass and energy, internal energy, change in internal energy and mathematical deduction of the first law of Thermodynamics.

q = E+ W, Simple numerical problems Second law of Thermodynamics: Entropy, free energy, spontaneity of a chemical reaction, free energy change and chemical equilibrium, free energy as energy available for useful work.

Enthalpy (H) of a system, change in enthalpy mathematical derivation, numerical problem and conversion of H related to endothermic and exothermic reaction.

Thermo chemistry Endothermic and exothermic reaction, heat of reaction, heat of neutralization, Head of formation H = [H(Product )- H(Reactant)}, effect of temperature on heat of reaction (Kirchoof’s equation), numerical problem.

Internal energy and change in internal energy.

Hess’s Law of const. heat summation – definition and explanation   H= HI+ H2+ H3

Electrochemistry

Introduction

Electrolysis, electrolytic cells

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, simple numerical problem

Electrochemical cells- Construction, working of simple voltatic cell (Daniel Cell), convention used in S the representation of galvanic cell, use of salt bridge, type of electrodes, hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode and measurement of electrode potentials Concept of electrode potential – electronation and deelectronation ( Nerst Theory) , S. D. P. and e. m. f of a cell e. m. f. series, its applications, simple numerical problems on e. m. f. of cell Common types of cells – Dry cell accumulator.

Ionic Equilibrium

Introduction             

Arhenius theory of acids and bases

Lowry and Bronsted concepts of acids and bases

Lewis concept of acids and bases

Strong and weak acid and bases, degree of dissociation, dissociation constant, Ostwald dilution formula. Simple problems

Ionisation of water, lonic product of water (Kw)

H ion concentration, pH and pOH – pH + pOH= 14 numerical problems

• Commonion effects, Buffer solution, Mechanism of buffer action, solubility product its application numerical problems on solubility product Hydrolysis of salts, Hydrolysis constant, Relation between hydrolysis constant and dissociation constant.

Adsorption Colloids

Introduction

Adsorption as a surface phenomenon, difference in type of adsorption and absorption, factors affecting adsorption, types of adsorption.

Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm, Applications in water purification, catalyst, adsorption indicate and chromatography

Colloids- Introduction, colloidal state of matter disperse phase, dispersion medium, few examples colloidal solutions.

Preparation of colloidal solutions:

Dispersion method (electrical and mechanical)

Condensation methods (Oxidation and reduction) properties of colloidal solutions, general      properties, (electrophoresis and electroosomsis) coagulation.

Gels- Definition, example, types, properities and uses

Emulsion- Definition, examples, type, (D/W, W/O)prosperities and uses.

Application of colloids- food, medicine, sewage, precipitation of smoke.

Nuclear and Radiochemistry

Introduction

Characteristics of nucleons, mass number, atomic number, isotopes and isobars.

Nuclear stability, mass defect, binding energy, average binding energy, simple numerical problem on binding energy.

Radioactivity – Radioactive decay, nature of radiations, radioactive disintegration constant, half life period, mathematical derivation for the decay constant- and halflife (t1/2, simple numerical problems, Artificia radioactivity and artificial transmutation of elements.

Nuclear reactions. Radio isotopes and their uses- carbon dating, production of synthetic elements, medicine, agriculture.

Chemical of Third Row Elements

Introduction

Position of third row elements in periodic table

Electronic Configuration

Periodic trend- reducing and oxidizing characters, ionization potential, electropositive and electronegative character and hence metallic and non- metallic character.

Nature of bonding in crystal lattice

Explanation of prosperities of metallic solids- conductivity, metallic luster, malleability, ductility.

Acidic and basic character of oxides and hydroxyl compounds of third row elements. Hydrogen – Position in periodic table, isotopes, properties, reaction and uses). Oxygen- Position in periodic table, preparation, reaction uses, ozone. Water and hydrogen peroxide structure of water molecule, physical and chemical prosperities of water, hard and soft water. Hydrogen peroxides- Preparation, properties, structure and uses. Nitrogen- Preparation, properties, uses, compounds of nitrogen.

Fluorine and Hydrogen Fluoride

Introduction

Position of halogens in – periodic table, electronic configuration, general principles of halogens

Fluorine- Occurrence, preparation, properties, reaction and uses.

Hydrogen- fluoride and hydrofluoric acid- preparation, properties, reaction uses

Silicon

Introduction

Position of silicon in periodic table, electronic configuration

Silicon- occurrence, preparation, properties and uses

Silicates, structure of simple silicates, nature of Si-O bond, tetrahedral geometry of Si 04 units in silicates. Halogen

Derivatives of Alkanes

Introduction

Classification, Mono, di, tri and tetrahalogen derivations of alkanes.

Monohalogen derivatives (alkylhalides)

Nomenclature- Trivial and I. U. P. A. C. system

Preparation

Halogenation of alkanes

Addition of Hx to alkanes

Action of P and PXs to Sod2 on alcohols (Ethyl bromide C2H5Br to be taken as a representative member)

Reactions of alky halides

a. Substitution reactions with Akalies KCN, Ammonia, Sodium alkoxide, R- COOAg

b. Wurtz reaction

c. Formation of Grignards reagent

d. Elimination – Action of alcoholic KOH

a. Introduction of Homolytic and heterolytic fission explanation of fission taking compound A- B

1. A- B 0A +B Homolytic

2. A- B0A + B- Heterolytic

b. Types of reagents

1. Electrophillic with suitable examples

2. Nucleuophillic with suitable examples

Mobility of electrons in single and double bonds

1. Inductive effect

2. Electromeric effect

SN1 and SN2 reaction mechanism:

a. Mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide (SN2 mechanism)

b. Alkaline hydrolysis oft – Butyl bromide (SN1 mechanism)

Optical activity:

Following points are to be emphasized : polarization of light by Nicol prism Asymmetric carbon atom optically active (compounds, definition with example of lactic acid (Dextro, Leavo and Racemic forms) Optically activity of 2- chlorobutane to be discussed on the following points presence of asymmetric Carbon atom Two non- superimposable mirror image structures Amixture and its optical inactivity.

Dihalogen Derivatives:

Preparation of C2H4CI2 Two isomers

a. Ethylene dichloride

b. Ethylidence chloride

Preparation of ethylene dichloride by

a. Addition of CI2 to ethane

b. Ethylene glycol and PCI5

Preparation of ethylidence chloride from

a. Acetaldehyde and PCI5

b. Acetylene and HCI

Trihalogen Derivatives of CH4 :

Preparation of chloroform and lodoform General physical and chemical properties

a. Reduction

b. Oxidation

c. Hydrolysis

d. Carbylamine reaction

e. Action of HNO3

Organic Hydroxy Compounds

i. Introduction

Alcohols- introduction – classification Nomenclature-

1. Trival system

2. I. U.P. A. C system

Preparation method

Hydrolysis of alky halides

Hydration of Alkene by acid Reduction of Aldehydes and ketones by

a. Catalytic method using Nickel

b. Na- Hg/ H2O

Properties and Reactions:

General Physical and Chemical Properties Reaction with:

a. Na, Hx, PCB, PCI5

b. Dehydration

c. Oxidation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

Phenols:

Aromatic hydroxyl compounds- Phenol as a representative compounds

a. Chlorobenzene

b. Benzene Sulphonic acid

c. Cumene

Physical properties and chemical reactions

a. Halogenation

b. Nitration,

c. Sulphonation

Distinction between alcohol and phenol, uses of phenol

Aldehydes and Ketones:

i.Introduction

ii.Preparation

Oxidation of alcohols

Hydrolysis of gemdihalides

From Grignard reagent,

From calcium salt of acids

  iii. Reactions :

Addition to Carbony1 compounds HCN, NaHCO3 NH3, Grignard reagent

Condensation reactions- (NH2OH), C5H5NHNH2

Aldol condensation , Acetaldehyde with dil alkali, similar reactions with ketones.

Cannizzaro’s reaction- Action of conc. NaOH on formaldehyde

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones, catalytic hydrogenation

Reducing properties of Aldehydes Fehling solution, Tollen’s reagent, Schiff’s reagent.

Acids and Esters

   i.Introduction

  ii.Preparation (acids)

Oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehyde

Hydrolysis of alky1 cyanides

Grignard reagent and CO2

 iii.Reactions:

Acidic properties

Antyride formation by using P205

Ester formation

Amide formation

Esters

Introduction

Preparation: Acid and Alcohol, Alcohol and acid anhydride Alcohol and acid chloride Alkylhalide and Ag- salt of acid

Reaction of ethyl acetate Hydrolysis with acid and alkali Action of Grignard reagent Uses of esters

Ethers

Introduction

Definition: Classification, simple and mixed ethers

Preparation:

a. Williamson’s synthesis

b. Continuous etherification process

c. Alcohol and Diazomethane

Physical and chemical prosperities:

a. Action of HI on simple and mixed ethers in cold and hot

b. Hydrolysis by dil. H2SO4 uses of dethyl ether

iii. Amines

Introduction

Definition: Classification- Nomenclature

Preparation

Haloalkanes and Ammonia

Reduction of Oxime, nitriles and nitroalkanes.

iv.Properties : Physical and Chemical

Basic nature on the basis of Lewis concept

Acetylation by acetyl chloride and acetic anhy dride

Action of HNO2 on primary, Secondary and tertiary amines yielding quaternary ammonium salts.

Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

Introduction

Carbohydrates: Classification, mono di and polysaccharide preparation of glucose from surcrose and starch

Proteins: Classification, simple conjugated and drived proteins . Hydrolysis of proteind to produce amino acids peptide linkage colour tests:

1) Biuret test

2) Millon’s test

Fats and Oils:

Glycerol- as atrihydroxy alcohol, fatty acid Esters of glycerol with fatty acids Saponification, Hydrogenation.

iv. Synthetic Fibres

Introduction

Definition of fibers: Classification as – natural and artificial fibres

Preparation: properties and used of Nylon 6, Nylon 66. Terylene, Teflon, PVC, Polystyrene.