From the following particulars ascertain profit or loss: 

	Rs.
Capital at the beginning of the year (1st April, 2016)	2,00,000
Capital at the end of the year (31st March, 2017)	3,50,000
Additional capital introduced during the year	70,000
Drawings during the year	40,000

From the following particulars ascertain profit or loss:

	Rs.
Capital as on 1st April 2018	1,60,000
Capital as on 31st March, 2019	1,50,000
Additional capital introduced during the year	25,000
Drawings made during the year	30,000

From the following details, calculate credit purchases

Particulars	Rs
Creditors on 1st April, 2018	50,000
Returns outward	6,000
Cash paid to creditors	1,60,000
Creditors on 31st March, 2019	70,000

From the following details calculate the amount that will be shown as subscription in Income and Expenditure Account for the year ending 31^st March, 2017.

Subscription received for	Rs.
2015-16	7,500
2016-17	60,000
2017-18	1,500
	69,000

Subscription outstanding for the year 2016-17 is Rs. 2,400. Subscription for 2016-17 received in 2015-16 was Rs.1,000

How will the following items appear in the final accounts of a sports club?

Particulars	Rs.
Stock of sports materials (01.04.2018)	3,000
Sports materials purchased during current year	9,000
Sale of old sport materials during current year	500
Stock of sports materials (31.03.2019)	4,000

State the meaning of not–for–profit organisation

Priya and Kavitha are partners. Priya draws Rs. 4,000 at the end of each quarter. Interest on drawings is chargeable at 6% p.a. Calculate interest on drawings for the year ending 31st December 2018 using average period.

Vennila and Eswari are partners. Vennila draws Rs.5,000 at the beginning of each half year. Interest on drawings is chargeable at 4% p.a. Calculate interest on drawings for the year ending 31^st December 2018 using average period.

What is a partnership deed?

The following are the profits of a firm in the last five years:
2014: Rs. 4,000; 2015: Rs. 3,000; 2016: Rs. 5,000; 2017: Rs. 4,500 and 2018: Rs. 3,500
Calculate the value of goodwill at 3 years purchase of average profits of five years.

For the purpose of admitting a new partner, a firm has decided to value its goodwill at 3 years purchase of the average profit of the last 4 years using weighted average method. Profits of the past 4 years and the respective weights are as follows:

Particulars	2015	2016	2017	2018
Profit (Rs.)	20,000	22,000	24,000	28,000
Weight	1	2	3	4

Compute the value of goodwill.

The following are the profits of a firm in the last five years:
2014: Rs. 10,000; 2015: Rs. 11,000; 2016: Rs. 12,000; 2017: Rs. 13,000 and 2018: Rs. 14,000
Calculate the value of goodwill at 2 years purchase of average profit of five years.

Mala and Vimala were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. On 31.3.2017, Varshini was admitted as a partner. On the date of admission, the book of the firm showed a reserve fund of Rs. 50,000. Pass the journal entry to distribute the reserve fund.

Kavitha and Radha are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3. They admit Deepa on 1.1.2019. On that date, their balance sheet showed debit balance of profit and loss account being accumulated loss of Rs. 70,000 on the asset side of the balance sheet. Give the journal entry to transfer the accumulated loss on admission.

Hameed and Govind are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3. They admit John as a partner. John acquires his share 1/5 from Hameed and 1/5 from Govind. Find out the new profit sharing ratio and sacrificing ratio.

Vivin, Hari and Joy are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1. On 31.3.2017, Hari retired. On the date of retirement, the books of the firm showed a general reserve of Rs. 60,000. Pass the journal entry to transfer the general reserve.

Mary, Meena and Mariam are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Mary retired from the partnership on 1.1.2019. On that date, their balance sheet showed accumulated loss of Rs. 75,000 on the asset side of the balance sheet. Give the journal entry to distribute the accumulated loss.

Jeyam Tyres issued 15,000 ordinary shares of  Rs.10 each payable as follows:
Rs.3 on application; Rs.5 on allotment; Rs.2 on first and final call. All money were duly received except one shareholder holding 100 shares failed to pay the call money. Pass the necessary journal entries for call (using calls in arrear account).

Anitha was holding 500 equity shares of Rs.10 each of Thanjavur Motors Ltd, issued at par. She paid Rs.3 on application, Rs.5 on allotment but could not pay the first and final call of Rs.2. The directors forfeited the shares for nonpayment of call money. Give Journal entry for forfeiture of shares.

From the following particulars, prepare comparative income statement of Tharun Co. Ltd.

Particulars	2016-17	2017-18
	Rs.	Rs.
Revenue from operations	2,00,000	2,50,000
Other income	50,000	40,000
Expenses	1,50,000	1,20,000

From the following particulars of Kumar Ltd, prepare a common-size income statement for the year ended 31^st March, 2018.

Particulars	2017-18
	Rs.
Revenue from operations	5,00,000
Other income	20,000
Expenses	3,00,000

What is meant by accounting ratios?

What is quick ratio?

What is automated accounting system?

What are accounting reports?

Following is the extract of the balance sheet of Babu Ltd., as on 31st March, 2018:

Particulars	Amount Rs.
I EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
1. Shareholders' funds
(a) Share capital	70,000
(b) Reserves and surplus	25,000
2. Non-current liabilities
Long-term borrowings	30,000
3. Current liabilities
(a) Trade payables	20,000
(b) Other current liabilities	15,000
(c) Short-term provisions	42,000
Total	2,02,000

Net profit before interest and tax for the year was Rs.25,000. Calculate the return on capital employed for the year.

What are solvency ratios? 

How does the nature of a business affect the value of goodwill of a firm?

How does the market situation affect the value of Good will?

How does the 'market situation' affect the value of goodwill of a firm?