Hominid and Hominins
(a) Who are Hominids?
(b) Who was the earliest human ancestor to make tools in Africa?
(c) How are the modern humans known?
(d) Name anyone species of this tribe.

The Babylonians.
(i) Who were the Babylonians.
(ii) Name the oldest written epic on earth.
(iii) Who was a great law-maker?
(iv) What was the previous name of Babylon?

Hero Stones:
(a) What was the common practice in a pastoral society?
(b) Who plundered the cattle wealth of enemies?
(c) How were the dead warriors remembered?
(d) Which Tamil text describes the procedures for erecting hero stones?

Non-Tamil Sources (Foreign Accounts):
(a) What does the presence of the non-Tamil sources reveal?
(b) Name the classic work of the Mauryan period that makes a mention that the pearl and shells came from Pandya country.
(c) What is a chronicle?
(d) Who speaks about the pepper trade between Roman empire and India?

Pearl fishery and shell bangle.
(i) Which place is famous for pearl fishery?
(ii) What were very common in the Sangam Age?
(iii) Who collected conch shells from the Pamban Island?
(iv) What does Sangam literature describe?

Zoroastrianism
(a) Who was the founder?
(b) Name the God he proclaimed.
(c) What did Zoroaster teach?
(d) What was the highest form of worship?

Labour Movement
(a) Which Act prohibited the formation of associations of workers?
(b) Name the Bill which granted voting rights to propertied middle class?
(c) When were the Combination Laws repealed?
(d) What were the demands of the Chartists?

Transportation and Communication
(a) Which was the first railway line opened in England?
(b) How were the produced goods transported to markets?
(c) How was the steamboat invented in the US called?
(d) Who sailed from New York to Albany?

Effects of Industrial Revolution in England
(a) What did the Industrial Revolution lead to?
(b) Mention about the new dynamics brought in politics.
(c) How did it affect the environment?
(d) Write about the report published by the British Parliament in 1842.

Industrial Revolution in Germany.
(a) How did the national resources of Germany speed up the industrial revolution in Germany?
(b) What was Germany's main challenge?
(c) Mention the two major ports with access to the North Sea.
(d) How did the Germans view about the Cartels?