Your classmate complains of cough and headache to the doctor. The doctor confirms that he is suffering from pneumonia and not just common cold.
(a) How did the doctor arrive at this conclusion?
(b) Write the binomials of the causative organisms of pneumonia.
(c) What is common about the transmission of the two diseases, common cold and pneumonia?

The structure of an antibody molecule is given below. Answer the questions that follow:

(a) Why are they said to show humoral immune response?
(b) Name any four types of antibodies produced in our body.

A youth in his twenties met with an accident and succumbed to the injuries. His parents agreed to donate his organs. Answer the following questions:
(a) List any two essential clinical steps to be undertaken before any organ transplant.
(b) Why is the organ transplant rejected sometimes? Name the kind of immunity responsible for this.

Following a road accident, four injured persons were brought to a nearby clinic. The doctor immediately injected them with tetanus antitoxin,
(a) What is tetanus antitoxin?
(b) Why were the injured immediately injected with this antitoxin?
(c) Name the kind of immunity this injection provided.

A diagrammatic representation of the lymph vessels, lymph nodes and thymus is shown below.

(a) Identity (I) a primary and (it) a secondary lymphoid organ from the diagram.
(b) Mention the function of each of them.

Study the diagram showing the entry of HIV into the human body and the processes that are followed:

(a) Name the human cell 'A' HIV enters into.
(b) Mention the genetic material 'B' HIV releases into the cell.
(c) Identify enzyme 'C'

The picture given above shows an opium poppy plant, which is the source of opioid drugs.
(a) Name the two drugs obtained from this plant.
(b) Mention the use/effect of each of them on human body.

(a) Identify the drug, whose molecular structure is given above.
(b) Write the scientific name of its source plant.
(c) Where are its receptors present in the human body?

The skeletal structure of a cannabinoid molecule is given above. Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the modes of its consumption by humans?
(b) Name the four different forms in which cannabinoids are produced.

Prior to a sports event, blood and urine samples are collected for drug tests.
(a) Name the drugs the authorities usually look for.
(b) Write the scientific names of the plants from which these drugs are obtained.
(c) Name two other plants which have hallucinogenic properties too.

When someone buys a packet of cigarette, he cannot miss the statutory warning given on the packing, which warns against smoking and tells it is injurious to health. Yet, smoking is very much prevalent in our society, both among youth and old. Mention six ill-effects of smoking to advise the adolescents to avoid smoking.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
Riya studies in II standard in a government schooL She belongs to a backward family and her parents did not get her properly vaccinated according to immunisation programme. Once while playing in school playground she fell down due to weakness and developed high fever, headache and stiffness in her neck. Identify the illness she could be suffering from and answer the following questions.
(i) The microbe responsible for Riyas illness could be

(ii) Which vaccine, if administered earlier, would have saved Riya from the illness she unfortunately contracted?

(iii) The disease that Riya has contracted spreads through

(iv) Riya can spread her illness to other children through

(v) Assertion: Polio produces inflammation of the nervous system.
Reason: Stiffness of the neck, paralysis of particular skeletal muscle is an important symptom of polio.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
X and Yare communicable diseases whereas Wand Z are non-communicable diseases. X is transmitted through vectors whereas Y is transmitted through droplet infection. W is caused due to a hormone deficiency whereas Z is a degenerative disease.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Identify W, X, Y and Z.

(ii) Select the correct statement.

(iii) If X and Y both are usual diseases then which of the following holds true?

 (iv) If X and Y both are bacterial diseases then select the correct match from the following.

(v) Assertion: Communicable diseases could be contagious or non-contagious.
Reason: Diseases that spread through vectors are non-contagious disease.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Rajesh, Ravi and Rohit are roommates. They are doing their graduation. Few months back Ravi fell ill. It took him around 3 weeks to recover. Both his friends were absolutely healthy at that time. After sometime Rajesh also fell ill from some other disease. This time Ravi and Rohit both contracted the same illness. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following holds true for Ravi's illness?

(ii) Select the correct statement.

(iii) Which could be correctly said for Rajesh's illness?

(iv) Which of the following may depicts Ravi's and Rajeshs illness?

(v) Assertion: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease which can be completely cured.
Reason: Diabetes mellitus is caused by deficiency of aldosterone hormone.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The given graphs show fluctuations in blood sugar of person X and Y during a 24 hour time period.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following holds true for person X?

(ii) The given graph indicates that person Y is suffering from

(iii) Which of the following conditions are common in person Y?

(iv) A person suffering from diabetes mellitus becomes weak because

(v) Assertion: Type I diabetes involves failure of insulin to facilitate the movement of glucose into cells.
Reason: Type II diabetes is caused by failure of beta cells to produce adequate amount of insulin due to beta cell depletion.