The population of India which was approximately 350 million at the time of independence crossed one billion in May, 2000. At the current rate of growth (17/1000/year), the population will double in 33 years. It will lead to scarcity of the basic needs like food, shelter, clothing, etc. So, the Government is forced to take some serious measures to control the population growth.
Mention three steps the Government has taken to control the growth of population.

a) Identify the male and the female contraceptive devices, A and B.
(b) How do they prevent conception?
(c) Mention two advantages (other than contraception), why they are preferred.

The picture shows two different contraceptive devices, used by human females.
(a) Identify A and B.
(b) Mention how each ofthem prevents fertilisation and conception.

(a) Identify the contraceptive device shown in the picture.
(b) What does it contain and how is it used?
(c) How does it function as a contraceptive?

Shown above is the surgical method of contraception in human males.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Give the technical term for the process shown above.
(b) What is the principle behind it as a contraceptive method?
(c) How is the process carried out?

The surgical method of contraception in human females is shown above.
Answer the following questions.
(a) Give the technical term for the process shown above.
(b) How is the process carried out?
(c) What is the principle behind it as a method of contraception?

A large number of couples all over the world are infertile. Such infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques, commonly called 'Assisted Reproductive Technologies' (ART).
Give the technical term for each of the methods described below.
(a) Transfer of ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female, who cannot produce functional ova, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and embryo development.
(b) Semen collected from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the uterus of a woman.
(c) An embryo is formed in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into the ovum.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Population is defined as the total number of individuals of a species present in a particular area at a given time. The scientific study of human population is called demography. The rapid increase in population over a relatively short period is called population explosion. Four basic processes are involved in increase or decrease in the population size. Population shows two types of growth; exponential and logistic.
(i) Which of the following factors are responsible for population explosion?
A. Decrease in number of people of reproducible age
B. Decline in infant mortality rate
C. Increase in maternal mortality rate
D. Rapid decline in death rate

(ii) What is the shape of curve showing logistic growth?

(iii) What is immigration?

(iv) Equation of Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth is

(v) Which of the following contributes to decrease in population?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Over population causes number of family problems. Strategies like birth control methods help to control population explosion. Natural methods of birth control do not involve medications or devices to prevent pregnancy but rather rely on behavioural practices and/or making observations about menstrual cycle.
(i) Which method helps in contraception by temporary absence of sex?

(ii) Assertion : The effectiveness of coitus interruptus method is limited.
Reason : Some sperms may pass into vagina before ejaculation.

(iii) Why is lactational amenorrhea effective for about 4-5 months after parturition?

(iv) Which fact is not the basis of periodic absence method of birth control?

(v) On which days of menstrual cycle should coitus be avoided to prevent fertilisation?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Intrauterine devices are most widely accepted methods of contraception. These are used by females and are inserted by doctor or nurses in the uterus through vagina. However these devices are not recommended for those who eventually intend to conceive.
(i) How does CuT prevent conception?

(ii) Which of the following IUDs makes uterus unsuitable for implantation?

(iii) Identify the correct statement for IUDs,

(iv) Select the correct matched pair.

(v) Assertion : IUDs can cause excess menstrual bleeding and pain.
Reason : IUD s can perforate uterus.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A 23 year old Sahil has been diagnosed with an infection of reproductive tract caused by bacteria. He complains about burning sensation during urination, pus-containing discharge and pain around genitalia. This infection has incubation period of 2-5 days but can be cured.
(i) From which disease is Sahil suffering?

(ii) Which among the following reproductive tract infections is transmitted by bacteria?

(iii) Which mode of treatment would be useful for Sahil?

(iv) What technique was used to diagnose Sahil's disease?

(v) Find the odd one out

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A young couple married for 5 years is unable to bear a child invite of not practicing any birth control method. Upon consultation, doctor advised them an assisted reproductive technology involving transfer of gametes into oviducts.
(i) Identify the technique adopted by the couple

(ii) What is the pre-requisite of this technique?

(iii) Assertion : GIFT is an in-vitro fertilisation technique.
Reason : In GIFT, gametes are fertilised outside the female body

(iv) The procedure advised to couple involves the transfer of

(v) What is the success rate of this procedure?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A technique knowa as amniocentesis is used to determine fetal abnormalities. This test is based on the chromosomal pattern in amniotic fluid. However, this technique is legally banned now.

(i) Identify X and Y in the above given figure.

(ii) What is the function of Z?

(iii) Which of the following diseases can not be diagnosed by amniocentesis?

(iv) Assertion: Amniocentesis is legally banned for sex determination.
Reason: Amniocentesis was being misused for aborting normal female fetus

(v) Which of these is a non-invasive technique of detecting fetal disorder?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Rohan, a 13 year old school student has been diagnosed with AIDS. He often complains of fever, nausea, headache and lethargy. Doctor advised some drugs to prolong his life.
(i) What could be the most likely mode of transmission of disease to Rohan?

(ii) Name the drug prescribed for treatment of this disease.

(iii) Assertion: AIDS is an incurable STD. 
Reason : AIDS virus attacks helper T-Lymphocytes

(iv) AIDS cannot be diagnosed by

(v) AIDS can be transmitted, by

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Medical termination of pregnancy is termination of pregnancy before the fetus become viable. To reduce the incidence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality, MTP Amendment Act, 2017 was enacted by the government of India. About 40-50 million MTPs are done in a year all over the world.
(i) Abortion can be safely done for about_________ weeks of pregnancy.

(ii) How is MTP helpful in decreasing human population?

(iii) Select an incorrect statement for MTP.

(iv) MTP was legalised by Government of India in

(v) Assertion : MTPs are safe during first trimester of pregnancy.
Reason : After first trimester, fetus become intimately associated with the maternal tissues.