Medicines are used to cure diseases. Disinfectants are used on non-living objects whereas antiseptics are used on living tissues and are not harmful to living tissues. Antimicrobials are used to kill bacteria, virus and other micro-organisms. Anitbiotics are most important. Antifertility drugs are used to prevent birth control so as to control population which is essential. Antacids are used to treat hyperacidity in stomach.
Diabetic patients are increasing day by day so we .. need artificial sweeteners Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature. Alitame is stable on heating but its sweetness can't be control. Food preservatives are used in large amount so as to increase shelf life. Sugar and salt are most common preservatives. Antioxidants are added to prevent spoilage of food materials by oxidation. Soaps and detergents are widely used cleansing agents. Soaps are biodegradable where as some detergents having branched chain are not biodegradable. Detergents are more effective than soaps and work well even in hard water where as soaps do not work with hard water. Shaving soaps contain glycerol. Anionic detergents are used in tooth paste, cationic detergents are used in hair conditioners and non-ionic detergents are used in dishwashing liquids.
(a) Name the antiseptic which is added to soap.
(b) Name the sweetening agent used in making sweets for diabetic patients.
(c) Which structural unit present in detergent make it non-biodegradable?
(d) Name a substance which is used as antiseptic as well as disinfectant.
(e) Why do shaving soaps have glycerol?
(f) Name an antihistamin which acts as antacid.
(g) Name a preservative used in cold drinks.

Drugs are important parts of our life. The alkaloid reserpine (Isolated from Rauwolfia serpentinay is a powerful tranquillizer. Morphine, codeine are Narcotic analgesics used in acute pain in cancer, child birth. Non-narcotics Antipyretics and analgesics like aspirin, paracetamol etc are widely used.
Chloramphenicol, a wide spectrum antibiotic is used for treatment of typhoid, bacteriostatic antibiotics like tetracycline, erythromycin are widely used. Penicilline, Aminoglycoside, Ofloxacin are bactericidal antibiotics. Antibacterial sulpha drugs like sulphadiazine, used for urinary and respiratory infections. Antihistamines are anti-inflammatory drugs. Some antihistamine like Ranitidine is used as antacids.
(a) What are tranquilizer? Give one example.
(b) Why is penicilline narrow (limited) spectrum antibiotics?
(c) What is difference between bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic antibioitics?
(d) Name the antibiotics used for treatment of T.B.
(e) Give one example of Antihistamin.

Observe the table in which pH of various soaps, shampoo, facewash are given. Study the table and answer the questions that follow based on table and related studied concepts.

(a) Which pH range of soap is harmful for skin?
(b) Why is Dove is better than other soaps?
(c) Why do baby soaps have pH 5.5?
(d) Why is face wash better than soaps?
(e) Which chemical is added to transparent soaps and why?
(f) Which range for shampoo is good?
(g) What is advantage of cationic detergents used in shampoo and hair Conditioners?
(h) Which type of detergent is used in tooth paste? Why?
(i) Name the detergent present in most of tooth paste. Which compound is present in sensitive tooth paste?