Write anyone contribution of the following scientists to the field of molecular biology.
(a) Hugo de Vries
(b) Sutton and Boveri

Define linkage. Mention its types.

What does the condition synteny refers to?

What are linked genes?

Who coined the term crossing over? When does the crossing over occurs in a cell?

Crossing over occurs only in germinal cells. Yes or no. Support your answer.

Mention the major stages involved in crossing over.

What are bivalents? When does this condition is noticed in a cell?

What is meant by synaptonemal complex?

What will be the result if there is a failure in the formation of synaptonemal complex Give one example of organism where such condition is noticed

Define terminalization.

Write the formula to calculate recombination frequency.

What is genetic mapping?

Define the terms
(a) locus
(b) centimorgan.

What are multiple alleles?