Describe the mutual relationship between the fig and wasp and comment on the phenomenon that operates in this relationship.

What is soil profile? Explain the characters of different soil horizons.

Give an account of various types of parasitism with examples.

Explain different types of hydrophytes with examples.

Enumerate the anatomical adaptations of xerophytes.

List out any five morphological adaptations of halophytes.

What are the advantages of seed dispersal?

Describe dispersal of fruit and seeds by animals.