A metal has cubic close packed (ccp) arrangement,the layer sequence of which is shown below: A face diagonal passes through the centre of atom 4 and the centre(s) of which other atom(s)?

Increasing the temperature of an aqueous solution will cause

Given below are the half cell reactions :
\({ Mn }^{ 2+ }+{ 2e }^{ - }\longrightarrow Mn, \ { \ \ \ \ E }^{ 0 }=-1.18V\)
\(\\ 2({ Mn }^{ 3+ }+{ e }^{ - }\longrightarrow { Mn }^{ 2+ }), \ \ { E }^{ 0 } \ =+1.51V \ \)
The E⁰ for \(3{ Mn }^{ 2+ }\longrightarrow Mn+2{ Mn }^{ 3+ }\) will be

When ethyl acetate was hydrolysed in presence of 0.1 N HCI, the rate constant was found to be 5.40 \(\times\) 10^-5 s^-1 . From these values we can say that

What happens when a lyophilic sol is added to a lyophobic sol?

The method of zone refining of metals is based on the principle of 

Species which are isoelectronic with OF₂ is/are

In acidic medium, H₂O₂ changes \({ Cr }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 7 }^{ 2- }\) to CrO₅ which has two (-O-O-) bonds. Oxidation state of Cr in CrO₅ is

Indicate the complex ion which shows geometrical isomerism.

Bottles containing C₆H₅I and C₆H₅CH₂I lost their original labels. They were labelled as  A and B for testing. A and B were separately taken in test tubes and boiled with NaOH solution. The end solution in each tube was made acidic with dilute HNO₃ and some AgNO₃ solution was added. Substance B gave a yellow precipitate. Which one of the following statements is true for this experiment?

In the following sequence of reactions, \(Z \overset { { PCl }_{ 5 } }{ \longrightarrow } X\overset { Alc.KOH }{ \longrightarrow } Y\overset { (i)conc.H_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 } }{ \underset { (ii)H_{ 2 }O,boil }{ \longrightarrow } } Z \)  Z is

Formic acid can be distinguished from acetic acid by reaction with

Reaction of cyclohexanone with dimethylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of an acid forms a compound if water during the reaction is continuously removed. The compound formed is generally known as

Which one of the following does not exhibit the phenomenon of mutarotation?

Which of the following are addition homopolymers?

The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is ___________.

Why is Frenkel defect not found on pure alkali metal halides?

A sugar syrup of weight 214.2 g contains 34.2 g of sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁). Calculate
(i) mole fraction of sugar,
(ii) molality of sugar syrup

Why sodium metal is not obtained at cathode when aq NaCl is electrolysed with Pt electrodes but obtained when moleten NaCl is electrolysed ?

Derive an expression to calculate time required for completion of zero reaction.

Explain the following terms in relation to colloidal solution
(i) Brownian movement
(ii) Tyndal effect
(iii) Coagulation
(iv) Peptisation.

Give two methods of preparation of PCl₅ and discuss its structure.

Write ionic equations for the conversion of (a) manganate to permanganate (b) permanganate to manganese (II) (c) chromate to dichromate.

Name the following coordination entities and describe their structures:
(i) \({ \left[ Fe{ \left( CN \right) }_{ 6 } \right] }^{ 4- }\)
(ii) \({ \left[ Cr{ \left( { NH }_{ 3 } \right) }_{ 4 }{ Cl }_{ 2 } \right] }^{ + }\)
(iii) \({ \left[ Ni{ \left( CN \right) }_{ 4 } \right] }^{ 2- }\)
(Atomic numbers Fe = 26, Cr = 24, Ni = 28)

(a) The nucleophilic substitution of primary alkyl chlorides with sodium acetate is catalysed by sodium iodide.

(b) p-Methoxybenyl bromide reacts faster than p-nitrobenzyl bromide with ethanol to form an ether product.

Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Phenol and Benoic acid
(ii) 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol

Name the following compounds are according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CHO
(ii) CH₃CH=CHCHO
(iii) CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CH₃)₂COCH₃
(iv) OHCC₆H₄CHO-p

Why is NH₂ group of aniline acetylated before carrying out nitration?

Give the biological functions of the following proteins:
(i) Haemoglobin and
(ii) Collagen

Write the monomers used for getting the following polymers.
(i) Polyvinyl chloride
(ii) Teflon
(iii) Bakelite

An element occurs in bcc structure. It has a cell edge length of 250 pm. Calculate the molar mass if its densuty is 8.0 g cm^-3. Also calculate the radius of an atom of this element.

Two half cells are: AI³⁺ (aq) / AI and Mg²⁺ (aq)/ Mg. The reduction potentials of these half cells are -1.66 V and - 2.36 V respectively. Calculate the cell potential. Write the cell reaction also.

(a) Which of the following ores can be concentrated by froth floatation method and why?

     \({ Fe }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 3 },\quad ZnS,\quad { Al }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 3 }\)

(b) What is the role of silica in the metallurgy of copper?

Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to:
(a) electronic configuration,
(b) Oxidation state,
(c) atomic and ionic sizes, and 
(d) chemical reactivity.

Write the IUPAC name of ion is at ion isomer of [Ni(NH₃)₃NO₃]Cl.

(i) Why are alkyl halides insoluble in water?
(ii) Why is butan-1-ol optically inactive but butan-2-ol is optically active?

How will you convert
(i) ethanal to 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid 
(ii) malonic acid to acetic acid 
(iii) acetone to 2-methyl-2-propanol?

Accomplish the following conversions:
(i) Aniline to p-bromoaniline
(ii) Benzamide to toluene
(iii) Aniline to benzyle alcohol

Define the following and give one example of each:
(a) Isoelectric point
(b) Mutarotation
(c) Enzymes

What are addition polymers ? How are the two types of addition polymers different from each other ? Give one example of each type.

Certain crystals, when subjected to a mechanical stress get deformed and produce electricity due to displacement of ions. The electricity thus produced is called piezoelectricity and such crystals are called piezoelectric crystals. On the other hand, when such crystals are subjected to an electric field, the atomic displacements are produced which cause mechanical distortion in the crystals. These unique properties of piezoelectric crystals find several applications. Now, answer the following questions:
(i) How do piezoelectric crystals behave?
(ii) Mention one application of piezoelectric crystals.
(iii) Just like certain crystals piezoelectric crystals perform better even under mechanical stress and show' various application, how do you behave under stress? What values we can adopt from even these non-living crystals?

(a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass\(=180 \ g \ mol^{ -1 }\) ) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?

Swati was having a party for her friends in the evening. She was preparing Lemonade. While dissolving a large amount of sugar in water. As it was taking a long time, her mother suggested warming the mixture.
(i) What will happen on heating?
(ii) What is the effect of temperature on the rate of chemical reaction?
(iii) Why does the rate of reaction doubles on 10'C rise in temperature?
(iv) What are the values associated with Sonia's mother?

Reetu is purely vegetarian but her husband Rohit likes non-vegetarian food. He regularly buys nonvegetarian goods (fish, meet, eggs etc.) and store these in fridge. The intermixing of odours creates problem for Reetu. Their daughter Rihana is a student of science. One day Rihana suggested her mother to put some small pieces of charcoal in the fridge as she thinks that this will solve the problem to some extent.
(i) Do you think by putting some small pieces of charcoal in the fridge will solve the problem of intermixing of odours. Give reason for your answer.
(ii) What are the values associated with Rihana's suggestion?

In roasting, the are is heated in a regular supply of air in furnace at a temperature below the melting point of the metal. Metal sulphide gets converted into metal oxide and sulphur dioxide gas is formed
which is air pollutant. It also leads to the formation of acid rain which is harmful for crops and buildings made from marble.
How can sulphuric acid help in national economy?

Complete the following chemical equations:
(b) Explain  each of the following:
(i) Nitrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus.
(ii) The stability of +5 oxidation state decreases down group 15.
(iii) The bond angles (O-N-O) are not of the same value in \({ NO }_{ 2 }^{ - }\)and 

Compare the general characteristics of the first series of the transition metals with those of the second and third columns. Give special emphasis on the following points:
(i) electronic configurations,
(ii) oxidation states,
(iii) ionisation enthalpies and 
(iv) atomic sizes.

Some halogen containing compounds are useful in daily life. Some compounds of this class are responsible for exposure of flora and fauna to more and more of UV light which causes destruction to a great extent. Name the class of these halo compounds. In your opinion, what should be done to minimise harmful effects of these compounds.

What are primary,secondary and tertiary alcohols?Starting with a Grignard reagent,how will you obtain each one of these?What happen these three classes of alcohols are

(i)passed over heated copper

(ii)oxidised with K₂Cr₂O₇ and H₂SO₄?

An organic compound (A) on treatment with acetic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid produces an ester (B). (A) on mild oxidation gives (C). (C) with 50% KOH followed by acidification with dilute HCl generates (A) and (D).  (D) with PCl₅ followed by reaction with ammonia gives (E). (E) on dehydration produces hydrocyanic acid.  Identify the compounds A, B, C, D and E.

How many isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula, C₃H₉N? Write their structural formulae and illustrate by chemical reactions how each one of these reacts with the following:

(i) Nitrous acid

(ii) Acetyl chloride?

Write the structure of alanine at pH = 2 and pH = 10.

Formaldehyde is a constituent of a number of polymers also called resins. These are non-volatile solids or semi-solids which are obtained from certain plants and also be synthesized in the laboratory.
(i) Name the main formaldehyde resins.
(ii) Mention the major components of these resins also called polymers.
(iii) Which out of these is useful in the manufacture of crockery?
(iv) Formaldehyde is obtained from plants. Similarly we obtain many useful things from plants. Is it worth to destroy plants for obtaining useful material ?

Mr. Roy, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in schools and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. After six months, Mr. Royconducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following:
(i)What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr.Roy?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
(iii) What are tranquillizers? Give an example.
(iv)Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?