In a solid 'AB' having NaCl structure, 'A' atoms occupy the corners of the cubic unit cell.If all the face-centred atoms along one of the axes are removed,then the resultant stoichiometry of the solid is

Which of the following aqueous solution has the highest boiling point ?

The sequence of ionic mobility in the aqueous solution is

At high pressure, the following reaction is of zero order.
2NH₃  \(\xrightarrow [ Platinum\quad catalyst ]{ 1130K } \) (g) N₂(g) + 3H₂(g)
Which of the following options are correct for this reaction ?

An emulsion cannot be broken by.........................and......................... .

When copper pyrites is roasted in excess of air,a mixture of CuO+FeO is formed.FeO is present as impurity.This can be removed as slag during reduction of CuO.The flux added to form slag is

Identify the incorrect statement from the following

Gadolinium belongs to 4f series. Its atomic number is 64. Which of the following is the correct electronic configuration of gadolinium ?

The ionization isomer of [Cr(H₂O)₄Cl(NO₂)]Cl is 

Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Compound 'A' of molecular formula C₄H₁₀O on treatment with Lucas reagent at room temperature give compound B.When compound 'B' is heated  with alcoholic KOH,it gives isobutene.Compound 'A' and 'B' are respectively

Which of the following compounds would have the smallest value for pK_a ?

Methylamine reacts with NHO₂ to form...................................... .

In fibrous proteins polypeptide chains are held together by ............ .

Which of the following are addition homopolymers?

Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories ?

Name any one solid in which both Fenkel and Schottky defects occur.

Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.

Write the various reaction taking place in nickel cadmium battery.

For the reaction C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ +H₂O \(\xrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \) CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH., write 

(i) Rate of reaction expression 

(ii) rate law equation 

(iii) molecularity 

(iv) order of reaction

What is zeta potential? Eplain briefly.

Why is zinc not extracted from zinc oxide through reduction using CO?

Account for the following:
(i)PC1₅ is more ecovalent than PC1₃.
(ii) Iron on reaction with HC1 forms FeC1₂ and not FeC1₃
(iii) The two O-O bond lengths in the ozone molecule are equal.

Why is europium (II) more stable than cerium (II)?

Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)₄]^2-ion.

Draw the structure of major monohalo product in each of the following reactions :
(i)


(ii)

Explain the following
(a) Cyclohezanol is more soluble in water than 1-Hezanol
(b) Propane 1,3-diol is more soluble in the water than propan-1-ol

How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds ?

(i) Butane-1, 3-diol           (ii) But-2-enal

(iii) But-2-enoic acid

What is the product when C₆H₅CH₂NH₂ reacts with NHO₂?

How will you obtain from glucose: (i) gluconic acid (ii) n-hexane ?

Explain the term copolymerisation and give two examples.

Explain the cleansing action of soaps.

Silver crystallizes in face-centred cubic unit cell. Each side of this unit cell has a length of 400 pm. Calculate the radius of the silver atom. (Assume the atoms just touch each other on the diagonal across the face of the unit cell. That is , each face atom is touching the four corner atoms.)

The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar.A non-volatile,non-electrolyte solid weighing 0.5g is added to 39.0g of benzene (molar mass 78g mol^-1).The vapour pressure of the solution then is 0.845bar.What is the molar mass of the solid substance?

If the molar conductivities at infinite dilution at infinite dilutiuon at 293 K for aqueous hydrocloric acid,sodium acetate and sodium chloride are 383.5, 78.4 and 102.0 S Cm² respectively, calculate the molar mass conductivity of acetic acid at this temperature and dilution. If the molar conductivity of acetic acid at some other dilution is 100.0 S cm² at 293 K, Calculate the degree of ionization of acetic acid at some otherdilution is 100.0 S cm² at 293K, calculate the degree of ionization of acetic acid at this dilution.

Find the two third life(t_2/3) of a first order reaction in which in which k=5.48\(\times\)10^-14 sec^-1,(log 3=0.4771,log 2=0.3010)

Define each of the following terms:
(i) Micelles
(ii)peptization
(iii) Desorption

(i) Indicate the principle behind the method used for the refining of nickel.
(ii) What is the role of dilute NaCN in the extraction of gold?
(iii) What is 'copper matte'?

How would you account for the following:
(i) H₂S is more acidic than H₂O.
(ii) The N-O bond in NO₂^- is shorter than the N-O bond in NO₃^-.
(iii) Both O₂ and F₂ stabilize high oxidation states but the ability of oxygen to stabilize the higher oxidation state exceeds that of fluorine.

Explain the following observations:
(i) With the same d-orbital configuration (d⁴), Cr²⁺ ion is a reducing agent while Mn³⁺ ion is an oxidising agent.
(ii) Cu⁺ ion is not stable in aqueous solutions.
(iii) Among the 3d·"eries of transition elements, the largest number of oxidation states are exhibited by manganese.

Explain the following
i. Cu(OH)₂ is soluble in ammonium hydroxide but not in sodium hydroxide solution.
ii. EDTA is used to cure lead poisoning
iii. Blue coloured solution of [CoCl₄ ^2-] changes to pink on reaction with HgCl₂.

Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards S_N2 displacement:

(a) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane

(b) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 3-Bromo-2-methylbutane

(c) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane

Write the major products in the following equations:
(i) \({ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }_{ 2 }OH\overset { { PCl }_{ 5 } }{ \longrightarrow } ?\)
(ii) 
(iii) \({ CH }_{ 3 }-C1+{ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }_{ 2 }-ONa\longrightarrow ?\)

Predict the products of the following reactions:
(i) \({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \begin{matrix} | \\ CH_{ 3 } \end{matrix} }{ C } =0\overset { H_{ 2 }N-NH_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } ?\)
(ii) \({ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-{ CH }_{ 3 }\quad \overset { (a)\quad KMnO_{ 4 }/KOH }{ \underset { (b)\quad { H }^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow } } ?\)
(iii) 

Iodomethane reacts with KCN to form a major product 'A' . Compund 'A' on reduction in presence of LiAIH₄ forms a higher amine 'B'. Compound B on treatment with CuCl₂ frms a blue colour complex 'C'. Identify the compounds 'A', 'B'  and 'C' .

(i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes night blindness?
(ii) Name the base that is found in nucleotide of RNA only.
(Hi) Glucose on reaction with HI gives n-hexane. What does it suggest about the structure of glucose?

What are addition polymers ? How are the two types of addition polymers different from each other ? Give one example of each type.

(i) What class of drug is ranitidine?
(ii) If water contains dissolved Ca²⁺ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes?
(iii) Which of the following is an antiseptic? 0.2% phenol, 1% phenol.

Define 'space lattice' and 'unit cell' . What do you understand by simple, face-centred and body-centred unit cell?

Calculate the molarity of a solution of CaCI₂ if on chemical analysis it is found that 200 ml of CaCI₂ solution contains \(3.01\times { 10 }^{ 22 }\) chloride ions.

State and explain Faraday's law of electrolysis. What is electrochemical equivalent ?

In a given graph, if ‘E’ is the activation energy for a given reaction, explain how temperature influences the rate of reaction.

On visit to your native village, you find that lot of smoke, dust and some other gases are coming out of the chimney of a recently set up factory near the village.
(i) As a chemistry student, what method you will suggest the factory owner to manage dust and smoke?
(ii) What is the basic principle involved in your suggestion?
(iii) What values are associated with your advice?

Metals are very useful in our daily life. Aluminium powder is used in white paints. It is also used as a reducing agent. Alloys containing aluminium being light, are very useful. Utensils of aluminium are more popular than utensils of brass. Metals like silver, gold, iron, copper, zinc are very useful in our daily life.

Why are aluminium vessels preferred over copper and bronze vessels?

Concentrated sulphuric acid is added followed by heating to each of the following test tubes labelled (i) to (v)

Identify in which of the above test tube the following change will be observed. Support your answer with the help of a chemical equation.
(a) Formation of black substance
(b) Evolution of brown gas
(c) Evolution of colourless gas
(d) Formation of brown substance which on dilution becomes blue
(e) Disappearance of yellow powder along with evolution of colourless gas.

(a) Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from chromite (FeCr₂O₄ ) ore. Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved. What is the effect of increasing pH of a solution potassium dichromate ?

(b) Represent the reaction of acidified potassium dichromate with (i) KI solution and (ii) FeSO₄ solution with the help of chemical equations.

(c) Draw the structure of chromate ion

Co-ordination compounds have an important role in the field of medicines. Out of these, the compound cis-platin is quite effective against cancer. It inhibits the growth of tumors leading to cancer.
(i) What is the chemical formula and name of the complex?
(ii) How does it behave as an anti cancer agent?
(iii) Why is trans-isomer not effective?
(iv) What is the value associated with the use of cis platin?

(a) How will you distinguish between:
(i) Chlorobenzene and cyclohexyl chloride?
(ii) Vinyl chloride and ethyl chloride?
(b) How does chlorobenzene react with
(i) aqueous \({ NH }_{ 3 }\) in the presence of cuprous oxide.
(ii) copper powder
(iii) methyl chloride in the presence of ium.

Explain why alcohols do not react with NaBr but H₂SO₄ is added they form alkyl bromides.

(a) Complete the following reaction statements by giving the missing starting material, reagent or product as required:

(b) Describe the following reactions:

    (i) Cannizzaro's reaction

    (ii) Cross aldol condensation

Discuss the mechanism of nitration of benzene. Explain why does nitrobenzene undergo electrophilic substitution at m-position and nucleophilic substitution at o- and p-positions.

In 1985, a British chemist Alec [effryo developed a technique called DNA finger printings. We know the every individual has unique fingerprints. They appear as circles on the tips of fingers and are used for the identification of individuals. It is arranged that every person has its own sequence of bases in DNA. It can not match with those of any other person.
(i) What is the full form of DNA?
(ii) Which base is present in DNA and not in RNA ?
(iii)Which base is present in RNA and not in DNA?
(iv) What value does Alec jeffryo have?

Explain how does 1,3-butadiene polymerize by different routes?

What are medicines or drugs ? Discuss briefly the various types of medicines citing at least one example of each type.