Lichens are well known combination of an alga and a fungus where fungus has

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) represents the following range of wavelength

The term ecology was coined by

Small fish get struck near the bottom of a shark and derives its nutrition from it? This kind of association is called as

Annual migration does not occur in case of

Name the interspecific interaction in which one is detrimental while the other is neutral.

Why do predators avoid eating monarch butterfly?  How does the butterfly develop this protective features?

How do herbs and shrubs survive under the shadow of big canopied trees in forests?

Give one example where population estimation of an organism is done indirectly without actually counting the organisms.

Why are small animals rarely found in the polar regions? Explain.

The 'clown' fish lives among the tentacles of sea anemone.  What is this interaction between them called and why?

How do seals adapt to their natural habitat? Explain.

Egrets are often seen along with grazing cattle.  How do you refer to this interaction? Give a reason for this association.

How is diapause different from hibernation?

How do organisms like fungi, zooplanktons and bears overcome the temporary, short-lived climatic stressful conditions?  Explain.

A population of paramoecium caudatum was grown in a culture medium. After 5 days, the culture medium became over-crowed wth paramoecium and had depleted nutrients. What will happen to the population and what type of growth curve will the population attain? Draw the growth curve.

Why is the thermoregulation more effective achieved in larger animals than in smaller ones?

In the given picture what is the relationship between (1) and (2) with respect to population interaction and between (3) and (4) with respect to trophic levels?

How do snails, seeds, bears, zooplanktons, fungi and bacteria adapt to conditions unfavourable for their survival?

Study the table given below in regard to population interactions and answer the questions that follow:

[Note : (+) plus = Beneficial interaction
(-) minus = Detrimental interaction
(0) zero = Neutral interaction ]
(a) Identify the interactions (a) to (e)
(b) Explain each one of them.

What is mutualism? Describe any four examples.

Comment on the following figure: I, II and III, A, B, C, D, G, P, Q, R, S are species.