What are the various steps involved in the extraction of pure metals from their ores?

What is the role of quick lime in the extraction of Iron from its oxide Fe₂O₃?

What is leaching?

List out the commercial uses of iron.

Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. Suggest one method to prepare diborane from BF₃.

Give the uses of Borax

What are alums?

Give the formula of chlorosilazanes. Explain its preparation from SiCI₄.

What are interhalogen compounds? Give examples.

Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?

Give two uses of nitric acid.

There is a huge difference between the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur. Why?

What are transition metals? Give four examples.

Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate.

Complete the following equations.
(i) 2 CrO₄^2- + 2H+ ⟶
(ii) KMnO₄ ⟶

What is an alloy? Give an example.

Write the formula for the co-ordination compounds. 

Ni²⁺ is identified using alcoholic solution of dimethyl glyoxime. Write the structural formula for the rosy red precipitate of a complex formed in the reaction.

Calculate the Oxidation number of
(i) Iron in [Fe(CN)₆]^4-.
(ii) Cobalt in [Co(NH₃)₅CI)]²⁺.

Identify the ligand and the central metal in the Co-ordination compound. [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₆]CI

Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals.

What are point defects?

Why do solids have a definite volume?

Name the seven primitive crystal systems.

Define average rate and instantaneous rate.

Write the rate law for the following reactions.
(a) A reaction that is 3/2 order in x and zero order in y.
(b) A reaction that is second order in NO and first order in Br₂.

For a reaction A + B ⟶ C, the rate of the reaction is denoted \(\frac { -dA }{ dt } \) or \(\frac { -dB }{ dt } \) or \(\frac { +dC }{ dt } \). State the significance of plus and minus sign.

If the rate of a reaction gets doubled as the temperature is increased from 27^oC to 37^oC. Find the activation energy of reaction?

Account for the acidic nature of HClO₄ in terms of Bronsted – Lowry theory, identify its conjugate base.

Calculate the concentration of OH^- in a fruit juice which contains \(2\times10^{-3}\) M, H₃O⁺ ion. Identify the nature of the solution.

Define Buffer solution.

What are the limitations of Ostwald's dilution law?

Describe the construction of Daniel cell. Write the cell reaction.

Calculate the molar conductance of 0.025M aqueous solution of calcium chloride at 25°C. The specific conductance of calcium chloride is 12.04 x 10^-2 Sm^-1.

What are the two types of batteries?

What is an electrochemical series?

Give two important characteristics of physisorption.

Differentiate physisorption and chemisorption.

Define adsorption isotherm.

Which will adsorb more gas, a lump of charcoal or its powder and why?

Identify the product (s) is / are formed when 1 – methoxy propane is heated with excess HI. Name the mechanism involved in the reaction.

Predict the major product, when 2-methyl but -2-ene is converted into an alcohol in each of the following methods.
(i) Acid catalysed hydration
(ii) Hydroboration
(iii) Hydroxylation using Baeyer's reagent

How is the following conversion effected? Ethyl alcohol ⟶ Ethylene glycol

What happens when anisole is nitrated?

How is propanoic acid is prepared starting from
(a) an alcohol
(b) an alkylhalide
(c) an alkene

Identify X and Y.
\({ CH }_{ 3 }CO{ CH }_{ 2 }{ CH }_{ 2 }COO{ C }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 5 }\overset { { CH }_{ 3 }MgBr }{ \longrightarrow } X\overset { { H }_{ 3 }{ O }^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow } Y\)

Mention the inductive effect in monochloro acetic acid.

Write any two uses benzoic acid.

Write down the possible isomers of the C₄H₉NO₂ give their IUPAC names.

There are two isomers with the formula  CH₃NO₂. How will you distinguish between them?

Give the structural formula of
i) 2-amino-2-methyl propane
ii) 2-(N, N- dimethyl) amino butane

Identify A and B in the following sequence of reactions.\({ CH }_{ 3 }-Br\xrightarrow [ 675k\\ Red\ hot\ si\ tube ]{ { HNO }_{ 3 } } A\xrightarrow [ NaOH ]{ { Cl }_{ 2 } } B\)

What type of linkages hold together monomers of DNA?

Give the differences between primary and secondary structure of proteins.

What is meant by blood sugar?

Why cellulose is not used as food by humans?

What are antibiotics?

What are food preservatives?

Give the classification of polymers on the basis of their source.

Ethene \(\overset { Polymerises }{ \longrightarrow } \) Polyethene.
(i) What in the mechanism involved in the above process?
(ii) What are the two types of polyethene?