How does formaldehyde react with
(I) NH₃
(ii) CH₃Mg₁ followed by hydrolysis and
(iii) NaOH

Illustrate the reducing property of acetaldehyde with examples

Discuss the mechanism of aldol condensation.

Which compounds on Clemmenson reduction give
(i) 2-methyl propane
(ii) ethyl benzene
(iii) propane
(iv) diphenyl methane.

Draw resonance structures for the following
(i) CH₃COO^-
(ii)CH₃CONH₂
(iii) C₆H_sCHO
(iv) C₆H₅COO^-

Write the crossed aldol condensation.

Explain the mechanism of Cannizaro reaction.

How does NH₃ react with the following?
(i) HCHO
(ii) CH₃CHO
(iii) C₆H₅CHO
(iv) CH₃COCH₃

Explain why carboxylic acids behave as acids. Discuss briefly the effects of electron withdrawing and donating substituents on acid strength of carboxylic acids.

Account for reducing nature of formic acid.

Explain the order of strength of the following acids.

Explain electrophilic substitution reactions of benzoic acid.

How will acetic anhydride react with the following reagents?
(i) HOH
(ii) C₂H₅OH

How benzaldehyde is converted to
(i) m-nitrobenzaldehyde
(ii) m-benzaldehyde sulphonic acid
(iii) m- chlorobenzaldehyde
(iv) Benzoyl chloride

Give two tests for aldehydes.