Explain the electrometallurgy of aluminium.

Describe the structure of diborane.

Give a reason to support that sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent.

Which is more stable? Fe³⁺ or Fe²⁺ - explain.

Give one test to differentiate [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]SO₄ and [Co(NH₃)₅SO₄]Cl.

Explain Schottky defect.

The rate of formation of a dimer in a second order reaction is 7.5 x 10^-3 mol L^-1 s^-1 at 0.05 mol L^-1 monomer concentration. Calculate the rate constant.

A gas phase reaction has energy of activation 200 kJ mol^-1. If the frequency factor of the reaction is 1.6 x 10¹³s^-1. Calculate the rate constant at 600 K.(e^-40.09 = 3.8 x 10^-48)

Explain common ion effect with an example.

Derive an expression for the hydrolysis constant and degree of hydrolysis of salt of strong acid and weak base.

0.1M NaCl solution is placed in two different cells having cell constant 0.5 and 0.25 cm^-1 respectively. Which of the two will have greater value of specific conductance.

What happens when a colloidal sol of Fe(OH)₃ and As₂S₃ are mixed?

Write the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to give ethene.

Compound (A) C₆H₁₂O₂ on reduction with LiAlH₄ yields two compounds B and C. The compound (B) on oxidation gave (D) which on treatment with aqueous alkali and subsequent heating furnished E. The latter on catalytic hydrogenation gave (C). Compound (D) on oxidation gave monobasic acid (molecular formula weight = 60). Deduce the structure of (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E).

How will you convert benzaldehyde into the following compounds?
(i) benzophenone
(ii) benzoic acid
(iii) α-hydroxyphenylaceticacid.

Account for the following
i. Aniline does not undergo Friedel – Crafts reaction
ii. Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines
iii. pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine
iv. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
v. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not
vi. Amines are more basic than amides
vii.Although amino group is o – and p – directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m – nitroaniline.

How will you prepare propan – 1- amine from
i) butane nitrile
ii) propanamide
ii) 1- nitropropane

Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.

Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soaps and detergents.